Phylogeographical Analysis on Squalidus argentatus Recapitulates Historical Landscapes and Drainage Evolution on the Island of Taiwan and Mainland China

Abstract

Phylogeographical analyses on Squalidus argentatus samples from thirteen localities within mainland China and Taiwan were conducted for biogeographic studies, as their dispersal strictly depends on geological evolution of the landmasses. A total of 95 haplotypes were genotyped for mtDNA cyt b gene in 160 specimens from nine river systems. Relatively high levels of haplotype diversity (h = 0.984) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.020) were detected in S. argentatus. Two major phylogenetic haplotype groups, A and B, were revealed via phylogenetic analysis. The degree of intergroup divergence (3.96%) indicates that these groups diverged about 4.55 myr (million years) ago. Haplotype network and population analyses indicated significant genetic structure (FST = 0.775), largely concordant with the geographical location of the populations. According to SAMOVA analysis, we divided these populations into four units: Yangtze-Pearl, Qiantang-Minjiang, Jiulong-Beijiang and Taiwan groups. Mismatch distribution analysis, neutrality tests and Bayesian skyline plots indicated a significant population expansion for lineage A and B, approximately dated 0.35 and 0.04 myr ago, respectively. We found strong geographical organization of the haplotype clades across different geographic scales that can be explained by episodes of dispersal and population expansion followed by population fragmentation and restricted gene flow.

Phylogeography of Dendrolimus punctatus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): Population differentiation and last glacial maximum survival

“…These mountains were important faunal dividing criterions in subtropical China. Similar geographical separations have been reported in many pervious researches, including the Leucodioptron canorum (Li et al, 2009), Squalidus argentatus (Yang et al, 2012), and Microvelia horvathi (Ye et al, 2014).…”

Genetic connectivity and phenotypic plasticity in the cyprinodont Aphanius farsicus from the Maharlu Basin, south‐western Iran

“…The high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity detected in all studied populations (Fig. 5) may indicate rapid population expansion after a period in which effective population size was low (Grant & Bowen, 1998;Yang et al, 2012). It is possible that the above-mentioned drought in 1967 may have resulted in a genetic bottleneck, which was followed by population expansion.…”

Spatial genetic structure of the cyprinid fish Onychostoma lepturum on Hainan Island

“…Tanichthys albonubes, Luo et al 2015;Squalidus argentatus, Yang et al 2012 andCobitis sinensis, Chiang et al 2013). Genetic diversity is reduced in peripheral populations compared to that in central and more pristine populations, which may result from a small founder population or genetic drift or inbreeding depression (Yang et al 2012). The nucleotide diversity on Hainan Island was lower than that of cyprinids in mainland China, suggesting a peripheral population.…”

“…MtDNA sequences are usually analyzed in studies of animal phylogeography (e.g. Chen et al 2007;Yang, Dong, et al 2009;Yang, Mayden, et al 2009;Chiang et al 2010Chiang et al , 2011Chiang et al , 2013Yang et al 2012;Hsu et al 2014). Our study attempted to determine the genetic structure of O. lepturum on Hainan Island.…”