Physical activity and exercise in adults diagnosed with primary brain cancer: a systematic review

Sandler, Carolina X.; Matsuyama, Misa; Jones, Tamara L.; Bashford, John; Langbecker, Danette; Hayes, Sandra C.

doi:10.1007/s11060-021-03745-3

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The burden of the brain and central nervous system cancers is high. However, they occur rarely and comprise approximately 1.5% of all diagnosed cancers, 80% of all adult primary brain cancers are gliomas, and the relative 5-year survival rate is 22% in brain cancer ( Sandler et al, 2021 ). Various targets of CAR T-cells in brain cancer have been studied, including EGFRvIII, which has several limitations, including adverse events such as dyspnea and hypoxia in patients.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Car-t Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells: An Overview of Concepts, Applications, Limitations, and Proposed Solutions

Alnefaie¹,

Albogami

Asiri

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Adaptive immunity, orchestrated by B-cells and T-cells, plays a crucial role in protecting the body from pathogenic invaders and can be used as tools to enhance the body’s defense mechanisms against cancer by genetically engineering these immune cells. Several strategies have been identified for cancer treatment and evaluated for their efficacy against other diseases such as autoimmune and infectious diseases. One of the most advanced technologies is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, a pioneering therapy in the oncology field. Successful clinical trials have resulted in the approval of six CAR-T cell products by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there have been various obstacles that limit the use of CAR T-cell therapy as the first line of defense mechanism against cancer. Various innovative CAR-T cell therapeutic designs have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical trial settings and have demonstrated much potential for development. Such trials testing the suitability of CARs against solid tumors and HIV are showing promising results. In addition, new solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations of this therapy. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding this novel technology, including CAR T-cell structure, different applications, limitations, and proposed solutions.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Car-t Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells: An Overview of Concepts, Applications, Limitations, and Proposed Solutions

Alnefaie¹,

Albogami

Asiri

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Brain tumors are divided into two categories: primary tumors, originating in the brain or spinal cord, and secondary tumors, also called brain metastases, which develop elsewhere in the body and spread to the brain [1]. In the first category (i.e., primary tumors), the probability of a person developing this type of tumor in their lifetime is less than 1% [2]. Although this probability is low, for example, in 2020, this still represented just over 308,000 people diagnosed worldwide [3].…”

Section: What Is a Brain Tumor?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fundamental concept of PSO is to initialize 𝑁 𝑝 candidate solutions randomly in the search space. Their velocities and positions are then updated using ( 1) and (2).…”

Section: Particle Swarm Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Swarm Optimization and Two-Way Fixed-Effects Analysis of Variance for Efficient Brain Tumor Segmentation

Atia¹,

Benzaoui²,

Jacques³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Segmentation of brain tumor images is a major research topic in medical imaging to have a refined detection and understanding of abnormal masses in the brain. This paper proposes a new segmentation method, consisting of three main steps, to detect brain lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the first step, the parts of the image delineating the skull bone are removed to exclude insignificant data. In the second step, which is the main contribution of this study, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is applied to detect the block that contains the brain lesions. The fitness function, used to determine the best block among all candidate blocks, is based on a two-way fixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the last step of the algorithm, the K-means segmentation method is used in the lesion block to classify it as tumor or not. A thorough evaluation of the proposed algorithm is performed using the MRI database provided by the Kouba imaging center in Algiers, Algeria. Estimates of the selected fitness function are first compared to those based on the sum-of-absolute-differences (SAD) dissimilarity criterion and demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the ANOVA. The performance of the optimized brain tumor segmentation algorithm is then compared to the results of several state-of-the-art techniques, including fuzzy C-means, K-means, Otsu thresholding, local thresholding, and watershed segmentation. The results obtained using Dice coefficient, Jaccard distance, correlation coefficient, and root mean square error (RMSE) measurements demonstrate the superiority of the proposed optimized segmentation algorithm over equivalent techniques.

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“…In humans with brain cancer, preliminary data suggest that exercise is safe, feasible, and likely beneficial. Specifically, improvements in symptom severity, body composition, activity levels, aerobic capacity, neurocognitive functioning, headaches, mental health, and QOL have been reported [ 26 , 27 ]. Clinically meaningful changes have also been reported for lower body strength, balance, fatigue, and sleep following exercise [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, improvements in symptom severity, body composition, activity levels, aerobic capacity, neurocognitive functioning, headaches, mental health, and QOL have been reported [ 26 , 27 ]. Clinically meaningful changes have also been reported for lower body strength, balance, fatigue, and sleep following exercise [ 26 , 27 ]. A study by Ruden and colleagues [ 28 ] found that exercise in adults with recurrent glioma was an independent predictor of survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Mass in Glioblastoma in Survivors (RESIST): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Keats¹,

Grandy²,

Blanchard³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain malignancy in adults, accounting for approximately 48% of all brain tumors. Standard treatment includes radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy. Glioblastomas are highly vascular and can cause vasogenic brain edema and mass effect, which can worsen the neurologic symptoms associated with the disease. The steroid dexamethasone (DEX) is the treatment of choice to reduce vasogenic edema and intracranial pressure associated with glioblastoma. However high-dose DEX or long-term use can result in muscle myopathy in 10%-60% of glioblastoma patients, significantly reducing functional fitness and quality of life (QOL). There is a wealth of evidence to support the use of exercise as an adjuvant therapy to improve functional ability as well as help manage treatment-related symptoms. Specifically, resistance training has been shown to increase muscle mass, strength, and functional fitness in aging adults and several cancer populations. Although studies are limited, research has shown that exercise is safe and feasible in glioblastoma populations. However, it is not clear whether resistance training can be successfully used in glioblastoma to prevent or mitigate steroid-induced muscle myopathy and associated loss of function. Objective The primary purpose of this study is to establish whether an individualized circuit-based program will reduce steroid-induced muscle myopathy, as indicated by maintained or improved functional fitness for patients on active treatment and receiving steroids. Methods This is a 2-armed, randomized controlled trial with repeated measures. We will recruit 38 adult (≥18 years) patients diagnosed with either primary or secondary glioblastoma who are scheduled to receive standard radiation and concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy postsurgical debulking and received any dose of DEX through the neurooncology clinic and the Nova Scotia Health Cancer Center. Patients will be randomly allocated to a standard of care waitlist control group or standard of care + circuit-based resistance training exercise group. The exercise group will receive a 12-week individualized, group and home-based exercise program. The control group will be advised to maintain an active lifestyle. The primary outcome, muscle myopathy (functional fitness), will be assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery and hand grip strength. Secondary outcome measures will include body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, QOL, fatigue, and cognitive function. All measures will be assessed pre- and postintervention. Participant accrual, exercise adherence, and safety will be assessed throughout the study. Results This study has been funded by the Canadian Cancer Society Atlantic Cancer Research Grant and the J.D. Irving Limited–Excellence in Cancer Research Fund (grant number 707182). The protocol was approved by the Nova Scotia Health and Acadia University’s Research Ethics Boards. Enrollment is anticipated to begin in March 2022. Conclusions This study will inform how individualized circuit-based resistance training may improve functional independence and overall QOL of glioblastoma patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrails.gov NCT05116137; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05116137 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37709

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Physical activity and exercise in adults diagnosed with primary brain cancer: a systematic review

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells: An Overview of Concepts, Applications, Limitations, and Proposed Solutions

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells: An Overview of Concepts, Applications, Limitations, and Proposed Solutions

Particle Swarm Optimization and Two-Way Fixed-Effects Analysis of Variance for Efficient Brain Tumor Segmentation

The Impact of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Mass in Glioblastoma in Survivors (RESIST): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

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