Physical activity and obesity

Fox, Keith R.; Hillsdon, Melvyn

doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00329.x

Cited by 136 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) occur during the first 5 years of life (Grillo et al 2005), the same period that stunting most often occurs (Fox and Hillsdon 2007). A decreased metabolism could be an efficient method of adapting to energy requirements in response to low caloric availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat free mass explains the relationship between stunting and energy expenditure in urban Mexican Maya children

Wilson¹,

Dickinson²,

Hoffman³

et al. 2012

Annals of Human Biology

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15Background: Childhood stunting has been associated with an increased risk 16 of obesity in adulthood, but the causes are unclear. We hypothesize that stunting 17 significantly reduces both resting and activity energy expenditure. 18Aim: To assess and describe energy expenditure of low socio-economic 19 Maya children and to determine whether stunting is independently related to energy 20 expenditure after controlling for lean mass. 21Subjects and Methods: 33 urban Maya children, 17 boys, aged 7-9 years, 22 living in Merida, Mexico were measured for height, weight and bioelectrical 23 impedance analysis (BIA). Body composition was estimated from BIA. Energy 24 expenditure was measured for one week using the Actiheart (combined heart rate 25 and accelerometer). 26Results: Stunting affected 35% of these physically active children. Using 27 multiple linear regression analysis, greater lean body mass predicted higher resting 28 and activity energy expenditure. Stature was not a significant predictor of resting 29 energy expenditure. A lower height-for-age z-score, but not stunting as a categorical 30 variable, significantly predicted lower activity energy expenditure. 31 1 Conclusion: Our hypothesis that stunting reduces total energy expenditure 1 (resting + active) in children is not supported. Rather children with shorter stature 2 and less lean body mass have lower total energy expenditure. Complex interactions 3 between body size, body composition and metabolic activity appear to elevate the 4 risk for later life obesity in these Maya children. 5 6

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat free mass explains the relationship between stunting and energy expenditure in urban Mexican Maya children

Wilson¹,

Dickinson²,

Hoffman³

et al. 2012

Annals of Human Biology

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show abstract

“…Despite evidence of reductions in walking and cycling to school, the impact of similar changes on physical activity in children is less clear. Other factors may also be relevant, such as the increased fears of parents about unsupervised outdoor play for children' (43) . Forsight recognised specific dietary risk factors for obesity such as foods with a high energy density, diets high in fat and low in fibre, and the consumption of sugar-rich drinks, all compounded by large portion sizes (44) but importantly argued that 'disproportionate attention has been given to often sterile debates' about causality (poor diet or lack of exercise).…”

Section: Drivers Of Obesity: the Current Gluttony V Sloth Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttonyv.sloth debate

Millward

2013

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Obesity in the UK was assumed to have developed against a population decline in physical activity, with health messages focused on diet and exercise prevention strategies. Doubly-labelled water (DLW) studies of energy expenditure have indicated the alternative scenario that the increased obesity prevalence reflects excessive food energy intake with physical activity levels unchanged. This analysis is questionable, deriving in part from a weakness of the DLW methodology in identifying changing physical activity levels within populations of increasing body weight. This has resulted in an underestimation of the reduction in physical activity in the overweight and obese, as revealed by direct studies of such behaviour. Furthermore, a close examination of food energy supply, household food purchases and individual food energy consumption since 1955, in relation to likely estimates of current intakes indicated by simple modelling of predicted energy expenditure, identifies: (a) food energy supply as markedly overestimating energy intakes; (b) individual food energy consumption as markedly underestimating energy intakes; and (c) household food purchase data as the closest match to predicted current food energy intakes. Energy intakes indicated by this latter method have fallen by between 20 to 30 %, suggesting comparable falls in physical activity. Although unequivocal evidence for a matching UK trend in falling physical activity is limited, as is evidence that obesity follows reductions in physical activity, such a link has been recently suggested in a large prospective study in adolescents. Thus, for the UK, obesity has developed within a 'move less-eat somewhat less but still too much' scenario. A focus on both diet and exercise should remain the appropriate public health policy.

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“…La relación entre sedentarismo y obesidad está ampliamente documentada 24 . Los resultados obtenidos en el presente trabajo, referentes a la actividad física realizada por la población española, muestran que más de la mitad de los encuestados no la realiza nunca en su tiempo de ocio o lo hace de manera ocasional.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en relación con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en España

Martín-Ramiro¹,

Gómez²,

Martínez³

et al. 2016

Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet

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Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los hábitos de alimentación y ejercicio físico de la población española en el año 2012 y su relación con el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España del año 2012. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en la población general y por sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 90 años y un análisis de regresión logística multinomial calculando las RRR crudas y ajustadas a una serie de variables sociodemográficas para valorar el riesgo de presentar sobrepeso y obesidad según la adherencia a las recomendaciones nutricionales dadas por la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), el consumo o no de alcohol y la realización de actividad física regular. Resultados: Menos del 50% de la población española siguió las recomendaciones dadas por la SENC en el consumo de pasta y arroz, verduras, embutidos y dulces. Las mujeres siguieron más las recomendaciones de frutas, verduras, lácteos, pescado, embutidos, refrescos, comida rápida y aperitivos y los hombres las de pasta y arroz, pan y cereales y legumbres, en ambos casos con significación estadística. Más de la mitad de los encuestados (81,4%) no realizó actividad física durante su tiempo libre siendo los hombres los que la realizaban con mayor frecuencia. El consumo diario de fruta se asoció a un mayor riesgo de presentar sobrepeso (RRR ajustada=0,77; p=,008) y el consumo ocasional de dulces frente al diario se asoció a un mayor riesgo de tener sobrepeso (RRR ajustada=0,83; p=,005) y obesidad (RRR ajustada=0,73; p<,001). La realización de actividad física varias veces en semana está directamente relacionada con la disminución significativa del exceso de peso (p<,001). Conclusiones: La población española realiza poca actividad física en su tiempo libre. La asociación de determinados hábitos alimentarios y la presencia de exceso de peso no está clara, y este trabajo se suma a las contradicciones encontradas en la literatura al respecto. PALABRAS CLAVE R E S U M E NHábitos alimentarios y actividad física en relación con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en España

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Physical activity and obesity

Cited by 136 publications

References 20 publications

Fat free mass explains the relationship between stunting and energy expenditure in urban Mexican Maya children

Fat free mass explains the relationship between stunting and energy expenditure in urban Mexican Maya children

Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttonyv.sloth debate

Hábitos alimentarios y actividad física en relación con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en España

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