Physical activity and the prevention, reduction, and treatment of alcohol and/or substance use across the lifespan (The PHASE review): protocol for a systematic review

Thompson, Tom P; Taylor, Adrian; Wanner, Amanda; Husk, Kerryn; Wei, Yinghui; Creanor, Siobhan; Kandiyali, Rebecca; Neale, Joanne; Sinclair, Julia; Nasser, Mona; Wallace, Gary

doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0674-0

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our conclusion is consistent with studies in which the use of appetite-enhancing drugs led to an increase in food intake and a decrease in alcohol consumption in patients in a state of withdrawal [8]. And additional physical activity (and, consequently, an increase in glycemia -author's note) reduces the risk of relapse of alcohol consumption [12].…”

Section: 9±11supporting

confidence: 91%

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Drinking and Hedonic Behavior of Alcoholized Rats

2021

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Relevance. To relieve alcohol withdrawal syndrome, intravenous infusion of glucose and antidotes to neutralize ketone bodies is used. But after treatment, the craving for alcohol remains, and relapses of alcohol consumption are observed in 60-90% of patients. It remains unclear if there is a connection between hypoglycemia, ketosis, on the one hand, and the craving for alcohol consumption, on the other hand. Objective: to find out the effect of glycemic level normalization and prolonged maintenance of normal blood glucose concentration on ethanol consumption in alcoholized rats. At the same time, we have chosen two alternative ways to eliminate hypoglycemia: 1) by providing animals with unlimited access to a water trough filled with glucose solution; 2) by forced feeding of animals with a high-carbohydrate diet. Materials and methods. 70 rats were housed in the individual cages. First, two water troughs were placed in each cage for one week: the first one was filled with pure water and another one contained 5% glucose solution. Second, forced alcoholization of rats was performed by leaving one trough filled with 10% ethanol solution in each cage. Duration of alcoholization was different: 3 weeks for the 1st group of rats (n=20), 6 weeks for the 2nd group of animals (n=20), and 16 weeks for the 3rd group of rats (n=20). Animals of the control group (n=10) received pure water. Third, after forced alcoholization, animals of the experimental groups had free access to three different troughs for three weeks: the first trough was filled with pure water, the second one – with 5% glucose solution, and the third one contained 10% ethanol solution. Rats of the control group were able to choose between water and 5% glucose solution. At the third stage, animals of the experimental groups were divided into two subgroups with 10 rats in each one. Animals of one of the subgroups from each experimental group were kept on a high-carbohydrate diet: they were administered 1 ml of 40% starch kissel (2.0 g/kg, in terms of glucose) per os 3 times a day. The volumes of all consumed fluids were recorded daily throughout the experiment. The results were processed using the MedStat program. Results. Healthy rats drank 2.5±0.6 ml of water and 1.6±0.6 ml of glucose solution per 100 g of body weight daily. In the first 7 days of forced alcoholization, the animals drank 3.1±0.7 ml of ethanol solution per 100 g of body weight. By the end of the third week, consumption of ethanol solution increased up to 4.9±0.8 ml per 100 g of body weight (p<0.001), which indicated development of adaptation. By the end of the sixth week, there was a prominent elevation of ethanol consumption up to 6.4±0.9 ml per 100 g of body weight, and the total volume of consumed alcohol solutions was 1.3 times higher than that of the third week (p<0.001). At the sixth week of observation, alcohol intake reached its climax, since further alcoholization up to 16 weeks did not lead to any changes in drinking behavior (p=0.712). We consider that the minimal duration of forced alcoholization is 6 weeks. During the process of alcoholization, the total daily consumption of fluids by animals was increasing, compared to healthy rats, and, by the end of the 16th week, it exceeded the indicator of healthy rats by 1.8 times. In alcoholized rats, glucose loses its hedonic properties. By the end of the 16th week of alcoholization, under the condition of free choice of drinks, glucose consumption was 8 times lower than that of in healthy animals. Rats consumed less ethanol if they were receiving an additional high-carbohydrate diet. The duration of metabolic correction with a starch solution is important: the longer it is, the less alcohol craving will be. Conclusions. Alcohol-dependent rats reject the glucose solution offered as a drink. But prolonged and forced administration of glucose leads to a decrease in alcohol consumption.

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Section: 9±11supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Simultaneously, intravenous glucose infusion is used to improve brain nutrition [3,11]. Nevertheless, after the end of treatment, relapses of alcohol consumption are observed in 60-90% of patients, according to various sources [2,6,12]. This suggests a link between hypoglycemia, ketosis, on the one hand, and craving for alcohol consumption, on the other hand.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking and Hedonic Behavior of Alcoholized Rats

2021

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“…Detailed methods for this review have been published elsewhere ( Thompson, Taylor, et al, 2018 ), and is registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42017079322).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and the prevention, reduction, and treatment of alcohol and other drug use across the lifespan (The PHASE review): A systematic review

Thompson

Horrell

Taylor

et al. 2020

Mental Health and Physical Activity

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The aim of this review is to systematically describe and quantify the effects of PA interventions on alcohol and other drug use outcomes, and to identify any apparent effect of PA dose and type, possible mechanisms of effect, and any other aspect of intervention delivery (e.g. key behaviour change processes), within a framework to inform the design and evaluation of future interventions. Systematic searches were designed to identify published and grey literature on the role of PA for reducing the risk of progression to alcohol and other drug use (PREVENTION), supporting individuals to reduce alcohol and other drug use for harm reduction (REDUCTION), and promote abstinence and relapse prevention during and after treatment of alcohol and other drug use (TREATMENT). Searches identified 49,518 records, with 49,342 excluded on title and abstract. We screened 176 full text articles from which we included 32 studies in 32 papers with quantitative results of relevance to this review. Meta-analysis of two studies showed a significant effect of PA on prevention of alcohol initiation (risk ratio [RR]: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.61 to 0.85). Meta-analysis of four studies showed no clear evidence for an effect of PA on alcohol consumption (Standardised Mean Difference [SMD]: 0.19, 95%, Confidence Interval −0.57 to 0.18). We were unable to quantitatively examine the effects of PA interventions on other drug use alone, or in combination with alcohol use, for prevention, reduction or treatment. Among the 19 treatment studies with an alcohol and other drug use outcome, there was a trend for promising short-term effect but with limited information about intervention fidelity and exercise dose, there was a moderate to high risk of bias. We identified no studies reporting the cost-effectiveness of interventions. More rigorous and well-designed research is needed. Our novel approach to the review provides a clearer guide to achieve this in future research questions addressed to inform policy and practice for different populations and settings.

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“…2013). Kolay erişilebilir, esnek, uygun maliyetli, diğer tedavilere kolayca entegre edilebilir olması yanında farmakolojik tedaviye kıyasla düşük bir yan etki riskine sahip olması da avantaj sağlamaktadır (Thompson ve ark. 2018).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evaluation of the Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Cytokine Levels and Clinical Course in Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

Dürmüş¹,

Vardar²,

Kaya³

et al. 2020

Turkish Journal of Psychiatry

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Opioid kullanım bozukluğu (OpKB) sınırlı tedavi seçeneklerine sahip biyolojik ve psikososyal bir bozukluktur. Bağımlılık tedavilerine ek olarak yapılan egzersiz uygulamalarının madde kullanımını azaltma ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmede etkili olabileceği ileri sürülmüştür. Bu araştırmada OpKB olan hastalarda yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz programının kortizol, insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü 1 (IGF-1), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interlökin 17 (IL-17) düzeyleri ve klinik seyir üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmamıza yatarak tedavi gören DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre OpKB tanı ölçütlerini karşılayan 22 erkek hasta dahil edilmiş ve 11 kişi egzersiz, 11 kişi kontrol grubu olacak şekilde iki gruba ayrılarak çalışma yapılmıştır. Egzersiz grubuna 5 seans yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz (HIIT) programı uygulanmıştır. Grupların özelliklerini belirlemede sosyodemografik veri formu, Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi ve Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Klinik seyri değerlendirmek amacıyla tedavi öncesi ve sonunda Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği, Hamilton Anksiyete Ölçeği, Madde Aşerme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Tedavinin 5. ve 21. günü kan alınarak kortizol, IGF-1, IFN-γ, IL-17 düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Grupların tedavi başlangıcı ve sonundaki Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği, Hamilton Anksiyete Ölçeği, Madde Aşerme Ölçeği puanlarındaki değişim karşılaştırıldığında egzersiz grubunda anlamlı azalma saptanmıştır. Egzersiz ve kontrol grubu arasında kortizol düzeyleri açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. IGF-1 düzeylerindeki değişim açısından karşılaştırma yapıldığında egzersiz yapan grupta istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı artma bulunmuştur. Gruplar arasında IFN-γ ve IL-17 düzeyleri açısından da anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz programının depresif belirtilerde, anksiyete belirtilerinde ve madde isteğinde azalma sağladığı; IGF-1 düzeylerini artırdığı ancak kortizol, IFN-γ ve IL-17 düzeylerini değiştirmediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın, eroin bağımlılığı tanısı ile tedavi gören hastalarda yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı egzersiz uygulamasının etkilerine vurgu yaparak bağımlılık tedavisi literatürüne katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmüştür.

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Physical activity and the prevention, reduction, and treatment of alcohol and/or substance use across the lifespan (The PHASE review): protocol for a systematic review

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Drinking and Hedonic Behavior of Alcoholized Rats

Drinking and Hedonic Behavior of Alcoholized Rats

Physical activity and the prevention, reduction, and treatment of alcohol and other drug use across the lifespan (The PHASE review): A systematic review

Evaluation of the Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Cytokine Levels and Clinical Course in Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

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