Physical Activity Status and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review

AlQabandi, Yousif; Nandula, Savitri Aninditha; Boddepalli, Chinmayi Sree; Gutlapalli, Sai Dheeraj; Lavu, Vamsi Krishna; Abdelwahab, Rana Abdelwahab Mohamed; Huang, Ruimin; Potla, Shanthi; Bhalla, Sushen; Hamid, Pousette

doi:10.7759/cureus.28238

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Physical activity (PA) is a critical component of lifestyle intervention in diabetes management. This study agrees with other studies which revealed that total physical activity was decreased in patients with severe to very severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (14,15) Adjusting for age cohorts, frequency of exercise and level of education, the odds of those who are not smoking getting nephropathy reduces by 98% compared to smokers (P-0.0001; CI 0.002549-0.145117). Smoking, a well-known and preventable risk factor for many diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of Microvascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional Study

Ireri,

Kikuvi,

Mambo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Microvascular complications are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In Kenya, Nyeri County has the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other counties. More than 50% of Nyeri County Referral Hospital (NCRH) admissions result from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and over 55% of hospital deaths are attributable to NCDs. This study therefore sought to assess the prevalence of microvascular complications and the associated risk factors among patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital in Kenya. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 314 DM patients on follow-up at NCRH from August 2022 to October 2022. The socio-demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data were recorded using a structured survey. All the recruited patients underwent an extensive examination for the presence of Microvascular complications like neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses are used to determine the risk factors associated with Microvascular complications of DM. Among the 314 patients with DM, 58% were women. The overall prevalence of Microvascular complications (MVCs) is 36.62%. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was the most frequent complication (27.4%), followed by retinopathy (10.8%) and nephropathy (8%). Inadequate physical exercise was a risk factor for all MVCs. Age, marital status, and level of education were risk factors for neuropathy while smoking and alcohol intake were risk factors for nephropathy. Additionally marital status was a risk factor for retinopathy. Further, the analysis revealed the risk of non-smokers getting neuropathy reduced by 98% compared to smokers (P-0.0001; CI 0.003058-0.191502). lack of regular physical exercise was significantly associated with retinopathy (P 0.012; CI 0.046816-0.690638). One in ten patients with DM had a microvascular complication. The benefits of microvascular complications prevention should thus be factored into the management of patients with diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of Microvascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional Study

Ireri,

Kikuvi,

Mambo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…They also state that the lack of physical activity is a risk factor for DM and related complications (chronic renal disease, retinopathy). Most patients with T1DM develop DR within the first 20 years of disease, while 60% of patients with T2DM already have DR at the time of DM diagnosis [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects with Low and Moderate Daily Physical Activity

2023

rjo

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Background: Physical activity is nowadays recognized as a protective factor against cardiovascular conditions, being cost-effective and easy to implement. Through its positive effects on hemodynamic and oxidative stress, different intensities in daily physical activity could influence diabetic macular edema (DME) in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: With the help of a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) device, we studied the macular thickness and ETDRS map parameters in type 1 DM patients who were classified into two groups: low and moderate intensity routine physical activity status, using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). All subjects received comparable anti-VEGF treatment. Results: Having a long disease evolution, patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) with moderate physical activity displayed better OCT measurements in specific retinal sectors than their counterparts with low physical activity. Variables such as age and body mass index (BMI) can influence the level of physical activity in T1DM patients. Conclusions: This study showed a lower prevalence of DME in T1DM subjects with moderate physical activity levels, revealing lower values for ETDRS OCT parameters in specific retinal sectors. The macular volumes (mm3) were significantly lower in the right eye for this group of subjects. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, CMT = central macular thickness, DM = diabetes mellitus, DME = diabetic macular edema, DR = diabetic retinopathy, FT = foveal thickness, II = inferior inner thickness, IO = inferior outer thickness, IPAQ = international physical activity questionnaire, LE = left eye, OCT = optical coherence tomography, MMT = maximal macular thickness, mMT = minimal macular thickness, MV = macular volume, NI = nasal inner thickness, NO = nasal outer thickness, QoL = quality of life, RE = right eye, SI = superior inner thickness, SO = superior outer thickness, T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus, TI = temporal inner thickness, TO = temporal outer thickness

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“…Finally, there are data that support a protective effect of physical activity against DR, with greater evidence in the most severe DR with initial visual deficit [ 87 ].…”

Section: Obesity and Eye Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases

Bosello,

Vanzo,

Zaffalon

et al. 2024

Eat Weight Disord

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Background The prevalence of obesity, a chronic disease, is increasing, and obesity is now considered a global epidemic. Eye diseases are also increasing worldwide and have serious repercussions on quality of life as well as increasingly high costs for the community. The relationships between obesity and ocular pathologies are not yet well clarified and are not pathologically homogeneous: they seem to be somehow linked to excess body fat, especially to the distribution of adipose tissue and its ectopic deposits. Purpose Our objective was to examine the associations between obesity and anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the waist/hip ratio (WHR), and the risk of most widespread eye diseases, with particular attention given to the most significant metabolic mechanisms. Methods This article provides a narrative overview of the effect of obesity and anthropometric measurements of body fat on prevalent eye diseases. We used the MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1984 to 2024. In addition, we hand-searched references from the retrieved articles and explored a number of related websites. A total of 153 publications were considered. Results There is significant evidence that obesity is associated with several eye diseases. Waist circumference (WC) and the waist/hip ratio (WHR) have been observed to have stronger positive associations with eye diseases than BMI. Conclusions Obesity must be considered a significant risk factor for eye diseases; hence, a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach to treating obesity, which also affects ocular health, is important. In the prevention and treatment of eye diseases related to obesity, lifestyle factors, especially diet and physical activity, as well as weight changes, both weight loss and weight gain, should not be overlooked. Level of evidence Level V narrative review.

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Physical Activity Status and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Prevalence of Microvascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional Study

Prevalence of Microvascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional Study

Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects with Low and Moderate Daily Physical Activity

Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases

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