Physical Layer Encryption for Industrial Ethernet in Gigabit Optical Links

Pérez-Resa, A.; García-Bosque, M.; Sánchez-Azqueta, Carlos; Celma, S.

doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2847670

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…6, KEYSTREAM_GENERATOR and CI-PHER_OPERATION. Moreover, in Table 2, a comparison in terms of LUTs (Look-Up Tables), registers and BRAMs (Block RAMs) is made between this work and other implementations [36], [37]. Particularly, in [36] the FPGA used is a Virtex-6 device, different model than in this work, however the CLB structure in both devices is similar in terms of LUTs and registers, with four six-input LUTs and eight registers per slice.…”

Section: Pscfb System Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in 10Gbps Optical Links

Pérez-Resa

García-Bosque

Sánchez-Azqueta

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Comput.

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in this work a new self-synchronized encryption method for 10 Gigabit optical links is proposed and developed. Necessary modifications to introduce this kind of encryption in physical layers based on 64b/66b encoding, such as 10GBase-R, have been considered. The proposed scheme encrypts directly the 64b/66b blocks by using a symmetric stream cipher based on an FPE (Format Preserving Encryption) block cipher operating in PSCFB (Pipelined Statistical Cipher Feedback) mode. One of the main novelties in this paper is the security analysis done for this mode. For the first time, an expression for the IND-CPA (Indistinguishability under Chosen-Plaintext Attack) advantage of any adversary over this scheme has been derived. Moreover, it has been concluded that this mode can be considered secure in the same way of traditional modes are. In addition, the overall system has been simulated and implemented in an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). An encrypted optical link has been tested with Ethernet data frames, concluding that it is possible to cipher traffic at this level, getting maximum throughput and hiding traffic pattern from passive eavesdroppers.

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Section: Pscfb System Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in 10Gbps Optical Links

Pérez-Resa

García-Bosque

Sánchez-Azqueta

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Comput.

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“…Although there are no standardized solutions for FPE stream ciphers, its usage could be relevant in communications where a high encryption rate is necessary, as in physical layer 1000Base-X for optical Gigabit Ethernet systems [14].…”

Section: Important Concepts a Optical Gigabit Ethernet Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples have been shown for 1 Gbps and The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Mostafa M. Fouda . 10 Gbps optical Ethernet standards, where several proposals have been developed for 64b/66b [13] and 8b/10b [14] physical encodings. For the particular case of Gigabit Ethernet, the encryption is performed in the PCS (Physical Coding Sublayer) layer before the 8b/10b encoder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as the authors are concerned, there are no standardized solutions for FPE self-synchronized stream ciphers, but some proposals have been made. For example in [18], where the self-synchronized PSCFB operation mode was proposed to be used with the underlying FPE block cipher in [14]. An important issue regarded with symmetric encryption stream ciphers is that these must synchronize their keystreams before starting the encryption session.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this new proposed operation mode uses as underlying block cipher a recommended binary block cipher instead of an FPE one, as in [14] and [18], it is possible to reduce the hardware complexity introduced by the Feistel structure. In addition, with this new encryption scheme the input and output queues are not needed, which reduces the latency introduced by the encryption system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in Gigabit Ethernet Optical Links

et al. 2020

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In this work a new self-synchronized symmetric encryption solution for high speed communication systems necessary to preserve the format of the plaintext is proposed, developed and tested. This new encryption mechanism is based on the block cipher operation mode called PSCFB (Pipelined Statistical Cipher Feedback) and the modulo operation. The confidentiality of this mode is analyzed in terms of its IND-CPA (Indistinguishability under Chosen-Plaintext Attack) advantage, concluding that it can be considered secure in the same way as traditional modes are. The encryption system has been integrated in the physical layer of a 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet Interface, where the 8b/10b symbol flow is encrypted at line rate. Moreover, an implementation of the proposed system has been carried out in an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device. Finally, an encrypted optical link has been tested with real Ethernet frames, getting maximum throughput and protecting the data traffic from passive eavesdroppers.

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Dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation technique

et al. 2023

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Information encryption technique has broad applications in individual privacy, military confidentiality, and national security, but traditional electronic encryption approaches are increasingly unable to satisfy the demands of strong safety and large bandwidth of high-speed data transmission over network. Optical encryption technology could be more flexible and effective in parallel programming and multiple degree-of-freedom data transmitting application. Here, we show a dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation technique. Fluorescent oligomers were doped into epoxy cross-linking SU-8 polymer as a gain medium. Through modifying both the external pumping wavelength and operating frequency of the pulse-code modulation, the sender could ensure the transmission of vital information is secure. If the plaintext transmission is eavesdropped, the external pumping light will be switched, and the receiver will get warning commands of ciphertext information in the standby network. This technique is suitable for high-integration and high-scalability optical information encryption communications.

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Physical Layer Encryption for Industrial Ethernet in Gigabit Optical Links

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Self-Synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in 10Gbps Optical Links

Self-Synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in 10Gbps Optical Links

Self-Synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in Gigabit Ethernet Optical Links

Dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation technique

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