Physical properties of electron beam irradiated poly(vinyl butyral) composites with carbamate, imidazole, and tetrazolium dye

Abstract

Films of poly(vinyl butyral) composites with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride dye (TTC) and the antioxidant nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate (NBC) or 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) were prepared by the solution casting method using butyl alcohol as a solvent. The effect of various doses of electron beam irradiation (50 -200 kGy) on color response, thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated. The color measurements showed that the films of the different composites possessed a high sensitivity to electron beam irradiation, in which the nearly colorless films were changed to deep red color, which can be easily detected by visual observations. In addition, the change in color depends on irradiation dose and the contents of the TTC dye. Moreover, the presence of the antioxidants NBC or MBI has no effect on the development of color. However, PVB/TTC and PVB/TTC/MBI composites showed high regular change in color as a function of irradiation dose. The thermogravimetric analysis used to study the thermal stability indicated that PVB/TTC composites either before or after electron beam irradiation are thermally more stable than neat PVB polymer. The presence of the antioxidants NBC or MBI offered protection to PVB/TTC composites against decomposition or oxidative degradation resulted from irradiation. Blending unirradiated PVB with TTC dye, mixture of TTC and NBC, and mixture of TTC and MBI reduced the tensile strength by 4, 20, and 17% upon blending, respectively. However, the reduction in tensile strength of the entire composite films (ϳ7% based on the initial value) upon exposure to a dose of 50 kGy is acceptable for practical applications.

Colorful Hydrophobic Poly(Vinyl Butyral)/Cationic Dye Fibrous Membranes via a Colored Solution Electrospinning Process

“…Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) is characterized by high adhesion to glass, excellent mechanical strength, good dispersion for dyes, and light stability, and consequently, it has been extensively used for many applications such as an adhesive interlayer in safety glass, [28] UV indicator, [29, 30], and electron beam irradiation dosimeter [31, 32]. In addition, PVB has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties due to its chemical structure with both vinyl butyral group and vinyl hydroxyl group [33, 34].…”

Gamma induced changes in the structure and optical properties of ZnS/PVA nanocomposite

“…It is known that the positive values of a * and b * represent the red and yellow components, whereas the negative values represent the green and blue color components, respectively. L * intercepts of zero and 100 integers represent the standard dark and white colors, respectively . The accuracy in measuring L * is ±0.05, and is ±0.01 for a * and b * .…”

Effect of ionizing radiation on the colorimetric properties of PVA-GTA Xylenol Orange Fricke gel dosimeters

“…where is the relative spectral power of a CIE standard light source at the wavelength λ, is the transmittance of the sample at the wavelength λ, and ̅ , and ̅ are the CIE color matching J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f functions for the standard observer at the wavelength λ. The k factor normalizes the tristimulus value so that Y is equal to 100 for a perfect white diffuser [30]. Figure 2 shows, in the visible range (380-780 nm), the Color Matching Functions (CMF) ̅ , and ̅ for the 10° standard observer and the spectral power distribution CIE illuminant D65 chosen in this experimental set-up [38].…”

“…In many cases, the color changes induced by radiation can be correlated with the absorbed. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”