2010
DOI: 10.4274/tftr.56.15
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Physical Therapy Modalities, Exercise and Postoperative Rehabilitation in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

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“…Unless there is an absolute indication for surgical treatment, TMDs are commonly treated in a conservative fashion. Analgesics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, muscle relaxants, anti-depressants or combinations of these drugs may be prescribed as part of the pharmacological regimen, while physical treatment modalities with transcutaneous electrical stimulation, hot or cold applications, massage, ultrasound, laser, microwave or acupuncture may also offer some benefit [25,26]. Occlusal splints are generally recommended for patients with disccondyle derangements or bruxism for whom trigger point injections or botulinum toxin applications may also provide symptomatic relief [27,28].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unless there is an absolute indication for surgical treatment, TMDs are commonly treated in a conservative fashion. Analgesics, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, muscle relaxants, anti-depressants or combinations of these drugs may be prescribed as part of the pharmacological regimen, while physical treatment modalities with transcutaneous electrical stimulation, hot or cold applications, massage, ultrasound, laser, microwave or acupuncture may also offer some benefit [25,26]. Occlusal splints are generally recommended for patients with disccondyle derangements or bruxism for whom trigger point injections or botulinum toxin applications may also provide symptomatic relief [27,28].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%