“…Numerous studies have applied the nanoparticles (NPs) as the drug-carriers, showing promoted dissolution of drugs, enhanced absorption of drugs, increased drug targeted performance, controlled release capability of drugs and reduced side effects (Nakayama and Okano, 2005; Zhang et al, 2008; Liu et al, 2010). As an important inorganic mineral, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) mainly consists of three polymorphs, named calcite, aragonite, and vaterite (Dizaj et al, 2016), and only calcite is thermodynamically stable (Lauth et al, 2017). CaCO 3 nanoparticles (CCNPs) are widely used in coating, plastic, paper, cosmetics, medicine, and food industries because of its characteristics of small size and high specific surface area (Fujiwara et al, 2010).…”