Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Plant, Soil and Water from Municipal Landfill in Alice, South Africa

Maphuhla, Nontobeko Gloria; Oyedeji, Adebola O.; Lewu, Francis B.; Oyedeji, Opeoluwa O.; Lewu, Muinat Nike

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20283-5_15

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The results for the determined trace elements are presented in Table 1 and , where the accumulation of trace elements in Acacia karroo leaves was very high [2,22]. A contaminated study area (dumpsite) may have zinc (Zn) contamination from transportationrelated sources due to human activities such as fossil fuels, brake pads, tire degradation, engine oil dispersion, and the burning of residential and commercial waste [23].…”

Section: Trace Elements In Acacia Karroomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In soil, harmful metallic elements merge with both organic and inorganic materials, becoming more resistant and corrosive. These metals accumulate in food systems, seep into human bodies, and contribute to the global accumulation of solid waste [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports indicate that landfill garbage contains high levels of heavy metals exceeding WHO guidelines, which may accumulate due to soil erosion, percolation, and diffusion processes. Some residents consume food scraps and leftovers from plastic garbage and use landfill soil for farming purposes as manure [2,[4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Acacia karroo’s Potential Aspect in the Phytoremediation of Soil Pollution

Maphuhla,

Oyedeji

2024

Sustainability

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The rise in contaminated sites presents a significant issue for the environment and human health, necessitating the decontamination of the surroundings and the adoption of effective decontamination strategies. This investigation was initiated to assess the potential aspects of Acacia karroo in conjunction with enzyme activity, a method that shows promise for mitigating soil contamination. Acacia karroo, with its hyperaccumulator traits, demonstrates great capacity. Enzymes significantly efficiently convert and detoxify harmful substances to a non-toxic level. ICP-MS quantified the concentrations of trace elements in Acacia karroo, while colorimetric assays were used to determine the activity levels of the enzymes. Ten toxic elements were identified in leaf samples of Acacia karroo in the following sequence: Sr > Zn > Cr > V > Rb > Cu > Ni > Y > Sc > Co; concentrations ranged between 203.86 ± 4.48 ppm (Zn) and 10.12 ± 0.09 ppm (Sc). The concentration of these metals was very high, posing a potential risk of harming the environment. Meanwhile, the three identified enzymes, invertase (INV), phosphatase (PHO), and catalase (CAT), have high and average activity levels, respectively. PHO and CAT showed a positive correlation with Zn, Rb, Sr, and Y, while INV correlated positively with Sc, V, Cr, Co, Cu, and Ni content. The principal component analysis (PCA) findings in this study demonstrated an inconclusive correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil heavy metal content. Both positive and negative correlations between soil enzyme activity and heavy metals were observed. This investigation revealed Acacia karroo as an optimal botanical species for phytoremediation. Consequently, a correlation analysis demonstrated that incorporating the Acacia karroo species along with enzyme activity seems to be a highly promising environmentally friendly technique for remediating soil pollution. The Acacia species can also be used in phytoremediation efforts to help conserve biodiversity. Subsequent investigations should focus on the operational mechanisms of different plant parts used as herbal remedies, isolated compounds, their efficacy, adverse effects, and practical implications.

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Section: Trace Elements In Acacia Karroomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Acacia karroo’s Potential Aspect in the Phytoremediation of Soil Pollution

Maphuhla,

Oyedeji

2024

Sustainability

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“…Alice is a small town surrounded by numerous economic and academic activities, and faces the challenges of a densely populated area and increasing pollution. Recent studies have shown that the environmental condition in the community is deteriorating due to the presence of suppurating waste, poor solid waste management, and mismanaged landfill sites [1,2]. The waste removal service has become inadequate and ineffective, leading to individuals disposing of their waste indiscriminately, even in areas where waste bins are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Possibly Toxic Elements in Landfill Soils and Their Impacts on the Ecosystem in Alice, South Africa

Maphuhla,

Oyedeji

2024

Pollutants

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Soil contamination by metallic components is an obscure, detrimental, protracted, and irreparable predicament. Dumping of waste containing heavy metals into landfills, fertilizer and pesticide application, and coal combustion results in high toxicity of metallic elements, and their continuous accumulation in soil pollutes the environment, which, in turn, poses a threat to human health. The specimens were subsequently dehydrated, processed for mineralization, and carefully examined microscopically by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), which examined their mineral substance, crystalline configuration, and chemical composition. Thirteen (13) elements were detected, and only eight (8) metals were discovered (K, Mg, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Au, Ba), including non-metals (C, O, Cl, P) and a metalloid (Si). The concentrations of possibly toxic elements obtained showed no consistent succession, as they fluctuated across the examined sites. The Al concentration ranged from 3.78 ± 0.23 wt% to 10.23 ± 0.31 wt%, while the Fe concentration fluctuated from 4.14 ± 0.40 wt% to 13.13 ± 1.07 wt%. Na and Mg levels were present in all samples, but their availability was minimal, at less than 2.0 wt%, ranging between 1.44 ± 0.20 wt% and 0.31 ± 0.08 wt%. The concentrations of Ca and K were low in all soil samples, ranging from 0.91 ± 0.14 wt% to 5.56 ± 0.47 wt% for Ca and from 1.32 ± 0.25 wt% to 4.87 ± 0.18 wt% for K. During the investigation at the designated and control areas, it was discovered that the concentrations of potentially hazardous metals exceeded the accepted limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) > 100 ppm. The findings provide proof of metallic contaminants in the study region, which calls for proper monitoring, management, and remedial measures of metal-tainted sites, since the residents of this locality are at a significantly elevated risk of experiencing adverse effects due to their heightened exposure to these elements. As a result of that, there is an imperative need to monitor and regulate this area regularly and appropriately. The study recommends sustainable farming practices, where farmers could use natural fertilizers and compost, as well as, the implementation of proper waste management, effective recycling techniques, and proper disposal of substances containing heavy metals as byproducts. Further implement remediation techniques that effectively and safely restore soils contaminated by metals in an environmentally sustainable and economically efficient manner.

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Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Plant, Soil and Water from Municipal Landfill in Alice, South Africa

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of Acacia karroo’s Potential Aspect in the Phytoremediation of Soil Pollution

Evaluation of Acacia karroo’s Potential Aspect in the Phytoremediation of Soil Pollution

Assessment of Possibly Toxic Elements in Landfill Soils and Their Impacts on the Ecosystem in Alice, South Africa

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