Physicochemical, Pyrolytic, and Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochar Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass

Gao, Ying; Yu, Bo; Wu, Ke; Yuan, Qiaoxia; Wang, Xianhua; Chen, Hanping

doi:10.15376/biores.11.2.4113-4133

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This severity factor equation has been used by other researchers for describing the HTC process as applied to various biomass feedstocks. For example, Gao et al [17] analysed the effect of water to biomass ratio on the HC yield of HTC of corn stalk and longan shell, and Hoekman et al [18] studied the HTC of loblolly pine in a continuous, reactive twin-screw extruder. Janga et al [19] applied a more complex severity model for the prediction of the monosaccharide yield via hydrolysis of different wood by concentrated sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Basic Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

et al. 2018

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Active research on biomass hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) continues to demonstrate its advantages over other thermochemical processes, in particular the interesting benefits that are associated with carbonaceous solid products, called hydrochar (HC). The areas of applications of HC range from biofuel to doped porous material for adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis. At the same time, intensive research has been aimed at better elucidating the process mechanisms and kinetics, and how the experimental variables (temperature, time, biomass load, feedstock composition, as well as their interactions) affect the distribution between phases and their composition. This review provides an analysis of the state of the art on HTC, mainly with regard to the effect of variables on the process, the associated kinetics, and the characteristics of the solid phase (HC), as well as some of the more studied applications so far. The focus is on research made over the last five years on these topics.

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Section: Basic Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

et al. 2018

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“…A major advantage of HTC over DT is the ability to utilize wet feedstocks and avoid the complexity and cost of pre-drying. This feedstock flexibility is illustrated in numerous recent literature reports describing use of HTC to treat food wastes [13][14][15], agricultural residues [16][17][18][19], sewage sludge [20,21], municipal solid waste [22,23], pulp mill streams [24][25][26][27], and other feedstocks [28][29][30][31][32]. Kambo and Dutta recently compared DT and HTC processes, along with their respective solid products [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of loblolly pine using a continuous, reactive twin-screw extruder

Hoekman

Broch

Felix

et al. 2017

Energy Conversion and Management

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has become an accepted means of converting a wide variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks into solid hydrochars, which have improved physical and chemical properties compared to raw biomass. To date, HTC applications have involved batch or semicontinuous process systems, which has limited their economic viability. The work presented here describes a fully-continuous HTC process, made possible by use of a specially modified twinscrew extruder (TSE). The reaction time within this fast HTC (FHTC) reactor system is very short (20-30 sec.) as compared to a typical batch reactor. Therefore, the concept of reaction "severity factor" is used when comparing the FHTC products with those produced in other reactor systems. While solid hydrochar produced in the FHTC system has different physical properties than hydrochar from batch reactor systems, these materials exhibit similar energy densification and pelletization behavior, when produced under comparable severity conditions. However, total hydrochar yields are considerably higher from the FHTC reactor compared to batch reactor systems. This is a consequence of the de-pressurization process in the FHTC system, whereby most water-soluble organic products are retained in the hydrochar, rather than exiting the process in a separate aqueous product stream. FHTC treatment of loblolly pine at a severity factor of 5.3 (290 °C) produced a hydrochar yield of nearly 85% (based on dry feedstock mass). Condensation of the flashed vapor products provided a relatively clean water stream, containing only 1.2% organicsprimarily furfural and acetic acid. Recovery of these organics and recycling of the condensed water would further improve the cost-effectiveness of FHTC operations.

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“…According to the CR method (Gao et al 2016), the kinetic parameters are calculated according to the logarithmic expressions of Eqs. 7 and 8,…”

Section: Cr Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Kinetics of Biochar Prepared by Pyrolysis of Macadamia Shells

Fan¹,

Zheng²,

Huang³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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The use of macadamia shells (MSs) has become an active research direction because of increasing production. This paper considers the combustion characteristics of MSs and their biochars that were investigated with thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Combustion thermographs were obtained at different heating rates, using isoconversional methods expressed by combustion kinetics. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method authenticated the MSs, MSs-300, and MSs-600 average activation energy at 91.6 kJ/mol, 60.5 kJ/mol, and 50.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method authenticated these at 97.1 kJ/mol, 68.7 kJ/mol, and 59.5, kJ/mol. The Coats-Redfern method verified the samples combustion via a complex multi-step mechanism; the first stage mechanism had different activation energies at different heating rates. With increased heating rates, the activation energies of biochar decreased, and the activation energies of MSs for the second combustion zone also decreased. At the same heating rate, MSs-600 had higher activation energy values than MSs-300. The TGA curves and kinetic parameters demonstrated the superiority of the biochar derived MSs as a fuel substrate over its precursor.

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Physicochemical, Pyrolytic, and Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochar Obtained by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of loblolly pine using a continuous, reactive twin-screw extruder

Combustion Kinetics of Biochar Prepared by Pyrolysis of Macadamia Shells

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