Physiologic Calcification of the Pineal Gland in Children on Computed Tomography: Prevalence, Observer Reliability and Association with Choroid Plexus Calcification

Doyle, Anthony; Anderson, Graeme

doi:10.1016/j.acra.2006.04.004

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…22 We discovered choroid plexus calcifications in 12% of patients in our cohort. In accordance with findings described by Doyle and Anderson, 13 we found a significant positive association of choroid plexus and pineal calcifications. Choroid calcifications were visible in patients across all age ranges, from younger than 1 month to 10 years.…”

Section: Choroid Plexussupporting

confidence: 82%

Physiologic Pineal Region, Choroid Plexus, and Dural Calcifications in the First Decade of Life

Whitehead

Oh²,

Raju

et al. 2014

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Section: Choroid Plexussupporting

confidence: 82%

Physiologic Pineal Region, Choroid Plexus, and Dural Calcifications in the First Decade of Life

Whitehead

Oh²,

Raju

et al. 2014

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…This dependence was not observed in other studies [6], or calcifications were not found in PG even in long living persons [10], or they were veri fied in the PG of children [16].…”

Section: Morphological Changes In the Pg With Agingcontrasting

confidence: 48%

Morphofunctional and molecular bases of pineal gland aging

Khavinson

Linkova

2012

Hum Physiol

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Together with the hypophysis and hypothalamus, the epiphysis (pineal gland, PG) is one of the highest centers of the endocrine system of the body [1]. The aging rate of the neuroimmunoendocrine system and age related pathology development are connected with involution of the PG, which, in turn, is determined to a greater degree by a decrease in its functional activity and to a lesser degree, by morphological and molecular changes [2,3]. Morphological Changes in the PG with AgingThe study of autopsy samples of the PGs obtained from 2700 subjects aged from several months to 90 years can be used as the initial point for the analysis of pub lished data on age related changes in the PG. It was shown that PG weight increases from 80-100 to 150 160 mg in the age interval 10-50 years [4]. PG weight is inversely proportional to sexual activity; therefore, this index is higher in pubertal and post menopausal peri ods than in the period of sexual maturity. The increase in the gland weight during aging was related to an increase in the volume of fibrous tissue and the number of cysts without a significant decrease in the number of pinealocytes in an organ's parenchyma. Changes in the connective tissue composition have been observed: the number of collagen fibers is increased, and the number of argyrophilic fibers is decreased [5].According to the computed tomography data, the volume of the PG characterizing its functional activity decreased at the age interval from 21 to 60 and then sta bilized [6]. These data are in good correlation with the study [7], which shows that there are no pronounced differences in PG structures at a young and elderly age.Sequential changes in three prevaling types of PG structure (cellular, trabecular, and alveolar) occur [8].The cellular type of structure of the PG is typical of a young age. PG is represented by a continuous field of pinealocytes.The trabecular type of the PG, glandular tissue with differently directed stromal septum, is typical of mid dle aged subjects. Replacement of the trabecular type by the alveolar type of PG structure is typical of elderly subjects. Trabeculae subdivide PG in alveolar structure into circular or polygonal lobules separated by stromal rings.In addition, one can see age related changes in the vessels of the PG. After birth, PG vessels are located among pinealocytes. Expansion of argyrophilic stroma around the vessels that takes place with age is the reason of the transition from a cellular to trabecular type of structure of the PG. A dense network of vessels enlaces the parenchymal lobules of the PG determining its alve olar structure. In subjects over 60 years of age, one can see the appearance of outgrowths of the reticular frame of connective tissue in the development of sclerosing processes in the PG. The blood circulation in the PG is decreased as compared to subjects aged 40-45 years. Age related decrease in trophism in the PG results in involution changes in its cells, pinealocytes.Accumulation of lipofuscin and lipid inclusions, as well as fragmentati...

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“…Six individuals showed isolated calcification of either or both pineal gland and choroid plexus. A fourfold increased risk of choroid plexus calcification in those with pineal calcification has been recently reported [Doyle and Anderson, 2006]. However, the significance and pathophysiology of such calcifications remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusion of linkage to chromosome 14q in a large South Tyrolean family with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC)

Volpato

Grandi

Buffone

et al. 2008

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Familial Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (FIBGC) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that usually follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Linkage to only one locus on chromosome 14q (IBCG1) has been described so far. We identified and characterized a large multigenerational Italian family from a population isolate with 14 FIBGC affected members. Linkage analysis excluded the IBCG1 locus, thus demonstrating further locus heterogeneity for this disease.

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Physiologic Calcification of the Pineal Gland in Children on Computed Tomography: Prevalence, Observer Reliability and Association with Choroid Plexus Calcification

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Physiologic Pineal Region, Choroid Plexus, and Dural Calcifications in the First Decade of Life

Physiologic Pineal Region, Choroid Plexus, and Dural Calcifications in the First Decade of Life

Morphofunctional and molecular bases of pineal gland aging

Exclusion of linkage to chromosome 14q in a large South Tyrolean family with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC)

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