Physiological and biochemical analysis of L. tredecimguttatus venom collected by electrical stimulation

Wang, X C; Duan, Zhigui; Yang, Jing; Yan, Xiaojun; Zhou, Hongmin; He, Xue‐Ying; Liang, Songping

doi:10.1007/bf03165785

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The protein content of the egg extract reached 34.22%, which was, however, lower than that (55.16%) of the venom secreted by the spider’s venomous glands [6], suggesting that the egg extract contains more non-proteinous components than the venom. Gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analyses showed that the eggs, like the venom [6], are composed mainly of large proteins and the content of low-molecular-mass proteins or peptides is relatively low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The venom secreted by its venomous glands is a mixture of biologically active components which have diverse actions on prey as well as human victims. Many studies including our previous work analyzed the venom secreted by its venomous glands and described the biological properties and structures of some venomous proteins in the venom [2–6]. Interestingly, black widow spider, different from other poisonous animals, has toxic components not only in the venomous glands, but also in other parts of the body (such as legs and abdomen) and its eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and biochemical characterization of egg extract of black widow spiders to uncover molecular basis of egg toxicity

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2014

biol res

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BackgroundBlack widow spider (L. tredecimguttatus) has toxic components not only in the venomous glands, but also in other parts of the body and its eggs. It is biologically important to investigate the molecular basis of the egg toxicity.ResultsIn the present work, an aqueous extract was prepared from the eggs of the spider and characterized using multiple physiological and biochemical strategies. Gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry demonstrated that the eggs are rich in high-molecular-mass proteins and the peptides below 5 kDa. The lyophilized extract of the eggs had a protein content of 34.22% and was shown to have a strong toxicity towards mammals and insects. When applied at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, the extract could completely block the neuromuscular transmission in mouse isolated phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations within 12.0 ± 1.5 min. Using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, the egg extract was demonstrated to be able to inhibit the voltage-activated Na+, K+ and Ca2+ currents in rat DRG neurons. In addition, the extract displayed activities of multiple hydrolases. Finally, the molecular basis of the egg toxicity was discussed.ConclusionsThe eggs of black widow spiders are rich in proteinous compounds particularly the high-molecular-mass proteins with different types of biological activity The neurotoxic and other active compounds in the eggs are believed to play important roles in the eggs’ toxic actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical characterization of egg extract of black widow spiders to uncover molecular basis of egg toxicity

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2014

biol res

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“…Venom was collected using electrostimulation with 7V of AC current, similar to previous studies [21][22][23][24]. Anesthetized individuals were placed on clamped forceps attached to an electrode.…”

Section: Venom Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Venom Proteome for the Wandering Spider, Ctenus hibernalis (Aranea: Ctenidae)

Cole¹,

Buszka²,

Mobley³

et al. 2016

J Proteomics Bioinform

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Spider venom is a rich multicomponent mixture of neurotoxic polypeptides. The venom of a small percentage of the currently classified spiders has been categorized. In order to determine what venom proteins are expressed in our species, the wandering spider Ctenus hibernalis, we constructed a comprehensive proteome derived from a crude venom extract using a GeLC approach that required a one dimensional denatured gel electrophoresis separation combined with enzymatic digestion of the entire lane cut into many molecular weight fractions followed by LC-ESI-MS2. In this way, we identified 1,182 proteins with >99% confidence that closely matched sequences derived from the combined genomes taken from several similar species of spiders. Our results suggest that the venom proteins of C. hibernalis contain several proteins with conserved sequences similar to other species. Going forward, with next generation sequencing (NSG), combined with extended annotations will be used to construct a more complete genoproteomic database. Therefore, it is expected that with further studies like this, there will be a continued and growing understand of the genoproteomic makeup of the venom for many species derived from insects, plants, and animals. We believe that as a whole these approaches will lead to a much better understanding of the biology behind venoms of all types, as well as ways to treat exposed patients while also expanding upon and taking advantage of the various positive sides of venomous toxins.Citation: Cole J, Buszka PA, Mobley JA, Hataway RA (2016) Characterization of the Venom Proteome for the Wandering Spider, Ctenus hibernalis (Aranea: Ctenidae).

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“…L. tredecimguttatus spiders are highly poisonous and usually cause adverse reactions even lethal effects on humans and animals by envenomation [4], so ordinary people are afraid of the spiders while toxinologists are interested in them because all kinds of toxic components contained in poisonous spiders constitute a library of natural bioactive substances to discover and screen for pharmacological tool reagents, drug leads and insecticides [5,6,7]. As one of the most toxic spider species, the black widow spider differs from snake, scorpion and some other venomous spider species in that it has toxic components not only in its venomous glands [8,9,10,11] but also throughout its body, even in its newborn spiderlings and eggs [12,13,14]. Our research group has been using chromatography, proteomics, patch clamp and other related techniques to comprehensively analyze spider egg toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis to Understand the Toxicity of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus Eggs

Wang

2016

Toxins

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Latrodectus tredecimguttatus is a kind of highly venomous black widow spider, with toxicity coming from not only venomous glands but also other parts of its body as well as newborn spiderlings and eggs. Up to date, although L. tredecimguttatus eggs have been demonstrated to be rich in proteinaceous toxins, there is no systematic investigation on such active components at transcriptome level. In this study, we performed a high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of L. tredecimguttatus eggs with Illumina sequencing technology. As a result, 53,284 protein-coding unigenes were identified, of which 14,185 unigenes produced significant hits in the available databases, including 280 unigenes encoding proteins or peptides homologous to known proteinaceous toxins. GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the 280 unigenes showed that 375 GO terms and 18 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched. Functional analysis indicated that these unigene-coded toxins have the bioactivities to degrade tissue proteins, inhibit ion channels, block neuromuscular transmission, provoke anaphylaxis, induce apoptosis and hyperalgesia, etc. No known typical proteinaceous toxins in L. tredecimguttatus venomous glands, such as latrotoxins, were identified, suggesting that the eggs have a different toxicity mechanism from that of the venom. Our present transcriptome analysis not only helps to reveal the gene expression profile and toxicity mechanism of the L. tredecimguttatus eggs, but also provides references for the further related researches.

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Physiological and biochemical analysis of L. tredecimguttatus venom collected by electrical stimulation

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Physiological and biochemical characterization of egg extract of black widow spiders to uncover molecular basis of egg toxicity

Physiological and biochemical characterization of egg extract of black widow spiders to uncover molecular basis of egg toxicity

Characterization of the Venom Proteome for the Wandering Spider, Ctenus hibernalis (Aranea: Ctenidae)

Transcriptome Analysis to Understand the Toxicity of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus Eggs

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