Physiological mechanisms controlling anestrus and infertility in postpartum beef cattle.

Short, R. E.; Bellows, R. A.; Staigmiller, R. B.; Berardinelli, J. G.; Custer, Edward E.

doi:10.2527/1990.683799x

Cited by 469 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…According to Short et al (1990) prolonged sucking, nutritional deficiencies, in addition to climatic stress, parity, time of the year and management practices are determinants of the long calving interval. Considering the current demand for 'green, clean and ethical' products (Martin et al, 2004), the development of hormone-free management systems for animal breeding is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing cows’ stress when calves were early weaned using the two-step method with nose flaps

Ungerfeld¹,

Quintans

Hötzel

2016

Animal

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Early weaning may be used in beef cattle production to improve reproduction rates in range conditions. However, weaning causes a stress response in cows, which may be especially strong in early weaning management, as the bond between the cow and the calf is still strong. We hypothesized that weaning calves in two steps, with the aid of anti-sucking devices (nose flaps) would reduce the behavioural stress response in the cows separated from their calves 2 months after parturition. We compared the behaviour frequency and weight change in cows that were weaned abruptly, by separation of the calf on day 0 of the study, or in two steps, consisting of the use of anti-sucking nose flaps for 5 days before permanent separation; a third group was not weaned to serve as control. Thirty-six crossbred multiparous Aberdeen Angus × Hereford cows and their calves (n = 12/treatment) were managed in three paddocks with similar pasture availability, with four dyads from each treatment per paddock. Cows' behaviour was observed by direct visual instantaneous sampling, at 10 min intervals from days −3 to 11. Weaning the calves in two steps clearly attenuated the behavioural stress response observed in abruptly weaned cows, which included reductions in grazing and lying, and increases in pacing, walking and vocalizing. Our results corroborate those previously shown for cows nursing older calves, and indicate that step weaning can reduce the behavioural stress response of cows at weaning, even when the calf is weaned shortly after birth, when the bond between the cow and calf is still very strong.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing cows’ stress when calves were early weaned using the two-step method with nose flaps

Ungerfeld¹,

Quintans

Hötzel

2016

Animal

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“…According to Short et al (1990), prolonged suckling, nutritional deficiencies, climatic stress, parity, time of the year and management practices are the main determinants of the long calving interval. As suckling is one of the most important factors causing anestrus (Randel, 1990;Short et al, 1990), early weaning induces an earlier postpartum rebreeding (Quintans et al, 2009), with greater impact in primiparous cows (Galindo-Gonzalez et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and physiological changes in early-weaned multiparous and primiparous beef cows

Ungerfeld

Hötzel

Scarsi

et al. 2011

Animal

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Early weaning is used to advance postpartum ovulation in beef cows, but triggers a stress response, affecting cows' and calves' welfare. Our aim was to compare the response to early weaning in multiparous and primiparous cows. Seventy-one days after birth, calves from 14 primiparous and 11 multiparous cows were weaned. Since birth, cow's body weight (BW), body condition (BC), milk yield and calves' BW were recorded. Basophil/neutrophil relationship, total protein and albumin concentrations were measured before and after weaning. The distance between each cow and its calf before weaning, as well as main behaviors of the cows before and after weaning were recorded using 10 min scan sampling. BW and BC were greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows ( P , 0.0001 for both). There was an interaction between parity ( P 5 0.004) and gender of the calf ( P 5 0.007): both BW and BC were greater in multiparous than primiparous cows, but multiparous cows with male calves had lower BW and BC than those with females ( P , 0.001 for both variables). Milk yield was greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows ( P 5 0.02), and there was an interaction, with greatest milk yield in multiparous cows that calved males ( P 5 0.02). Total protein blood concentration increased with time ( P , 0.0001), similarly in both groups. Albumin concentration profiles were similar despite parity, and decreased since 10 days after weaning ( P , 0.0001). Basophil/neutrophil ratio was not affected by parity, and increased the day of weaning, remaining high until day 10 ( P , 0.05). Frequency of standing decreased during the 2 days after weaning, with a greater decrease in multiparous than in primiparous cows ( P , 0.0001). Pacing increased after weaning ( P 5 0.001), but increased significantly more in multiparous cows ( P 5 0.006), with a significant time after weaning by parity interaction ( P 5 0.01) reflected in greater frequencies in multiparous cows in the 2 days. Walking increased with time ( P , 0.0001), and was more frequent in primiparous cows ( P 5 0.008). Ruminating, which was less frequent in multiparous cows ( P 5 0.014), decreased and remained low during the 3 days following weaning ( P , 0.0001), but there was a significant time by parity interaction ( P , 0.0001). The frequency of vocalizations increased dramatically after weaning ( P , 0.0001), and was greater in multiparous cows ( P 5 0.006), and decreased more slowly during the 2nd and 3rd days after weaning ( P 5 0.005) in these animals. In conclusion, behavioral changes induced by weaning were greater in multiparous than primiparous cows, indicating a more intense response to cow-calf separation in the multiparous animals.

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“…En la actualidad, el orden de importancia de los efectos de la alimentación y de la crianza sobre la reproducción continúa siendo un tema discutido (Short et al, 1990;Williams et al, 1996;Revilla, 1997;Sinclair et al, 1999). En nuestro trabajo la duración del APP se asoció principalmente a la alimentación preparto y de forma secundaria al manejo del ternero.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En cuanto al mecanismo de acción a través del que las distocias pueden repercutir negativamente en el rendimiento reproductivo de la vaca, diversos autores han implicado a las elevadas concentraciones de prostaglandinas detectadas en sangre (Madej et al, 1984), a un posible efecto de estrés sobre el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis (Dobson y Alam, 1987), como también al sistema opioideo endógeno (Short et al, 1990;Humblot et al, 1996). A pesar de la posible variabilidad individual en la recuperación de un parto distócico, este eje subrayaría la importancia de realizar una recría adecuada, con el propósito de asegurar un futuro reproductivo óptimo en la vaca adulta.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Sin embargo, estos efectos raciales son a menudo debidos a diferencias en la producción lechera o en la ingestión de alimentos. La edad también ha sido un factor frecuentemente estudiado, observándose APP más largos en las novillas que en las vacas adultas (Short et al, 1990;Revilla et al, 1992). Asimismo, los partos distócicos pueden retrasar de forma importante la reparación e involución uterina, así como el reinicio de la actividad ovárica postparto .…”

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Management factors associated to the duration of postpartum anoestrus interval in Brown Swiss and Pirenaica beef cows

Sanz

Bernués

Casasús

et al. 2003

Span. j. agric. res.

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IntroducciónLa obtención de un ternero por vaca y año es el objetivo productivo de las explotaciones de vacas nodrizas.Los prolongados periodos de inactividad sexual son uno de los mayores limitantes del rendimiento reproductivo para obtener una buena rentabilidad en la explotación.Los sistemas de producción en áreas de montaña están sujetos a grandes variaciones tanto en la producción como en la calidad de los recursos pastorales que utilizan, limitando en ocasiones la recuperación de pe- ResumenPara determinar los factores de explotación relacionados con la reactivación ovárica postparto en vacas nodrizas se realizó un análisis global de una serie de indicadores productivos y la duración del anestro postparto (APP) de 549 vacas explotadas en condiciones extensivas. Debido a la naturaleza multifactorial del proceso en estudio se eligió la metodología estadística multivariante (Análisis Factorial de Correspondencias Múltiples y Análisis Cluster). La duración del APP estuvo asociada a cuatro factores que explicaron el 59% de la heterogeneidad inicial de la muestra y que se definieron como: «Alimentación preparto» (19% de la inercia), «Alimentación postparto-Edad» (16.4%), «Manejo del ternero» (13%) y «Dificultad al parto» (10.5%). Estos factores se introdujeron en un Análisis Cluster que identificó cinco grupos de vacas con características productivas y reproductivas diferentes, y que denominamos como: «Primíparas», «Acceso restringido», «Acceso Libre-Parda de Montaña», «Parto de otoño» y «Parto de primavera». La raza no estuvo relacionada con la duración del APP, aunque el análisis Cluster asoció los largos APP inducidos por la crianza libre con la raza Parda de Montaña. En la raza Parda de Montaña, la duración del APP fue mayor en primavera que en otoño debido a diferencias nutricionales más que a un efecto estacional en sí. El parto de otoño se adaptó mejor a las condiciones de montaña seca.Palabras clave: vacas nodrizas, anestro postparto, factores de explotación, análisis multivariante. Abstract Management factors associated to the duration of postpartum anoestrus interval in Brown Swiss and Pirenaica beef cowsA global analysis of several productive indicators and the postpartum anoestrous interval (PPI) of 549 beef cows was carried out to determine the management factors related with postpartum ovarian reactivation in extensive mountain farming systems. Multivariate statistic methods (Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were used to analyse the data due to the multifactorial nature of the processes involved. PPI was associated to four factors that explained 59% of the total inertia of the sample and were defined as follows: «Prepartum feeding level» (19% of the inertia), «Postpartum feeding level-Parity» (16.4%), «Suckling frequency» (13%) and «Calving difficulty» (10.5%). These factors were introduced into a Cluster Analysis that identified five types of cows: «Primiparous cows», «Twice-daily suckling», «Ad libitum suckling-Brown Swiss», «Autumn calving season» and «Spring calving seaso...

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Physiological mechanisms controlling anestrus and infertility in postpartum beef cattle.

Cited by 469 publications

References 62 publications

Minimizing cows’ stress when calves were early weaned using the two-step method with nose flaps

Minimizing cows’ stress when calves were early weaned using the two-step method with nose flaps

Behavioral and physiological changes in early-weaned multiparous and primiparous beef cows

Management factors associated to the duration of postpartum anoestrus interval in Brown Swiss and Pirenaica beef cows

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