Phyto-oestrogens in herbage and milk from cows grazing white clover, red clover, lucerne or chicory-rich pastures

Andersen, Charlotte Uggerhøj; Nielsen, Tina Skau; Purup, Stig; Kristensen, Troels; Eriksen, Jørgen; Søegaard, Karen; Sørensen, John Houman; Fretté, Xavier

doi:10.1017/s1751731109004613

Cited by 57 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such low contents did not explain estrogenic effects observed in biological tests. The results proved Andersen et al (2009b), who determined 11.4, 0.41, and 0.16 mg/g dry matter (DM) of formononetin in red clover, white clover, and lucerne, respectively. Only trace levels of phytoestrogens observed Sarelli et al (2003) in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus).…”

Section: Isoflavones In Foragesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Fresh and ensiled forages as a source of estrogenic equol in bovine milk: a review

Kalač¹

2013

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Isoflavan equol has recently been assessed in human nutrition as a potent estrogen with various health benefits. It is produced by intestinal microflora from isoflavones (IF) formononetin and daidzein. These dietary precursors are present particularly in soy products. However, only 20-35% of the Western adult population is capable of producing equol from the ingested IF. Cow's milk was proved to be an important source of equol produced from the IF in the rumen and intestines. Among forages, red clover (Trifolium pratense) is by far the most important source of both the IF. Their contents in fresh red clover forage are affected by variety and by several environmental factors. Leaves have the highest IF contents. Available data on changes in IF contents during wilting, drying, and ensiling are ambiguous. Content of equol in milk produced by dairy cows fed fresh or ensiled red clover can be at the level of several hundreds μg per litre.

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Section: Isoflavones In Foragesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Fresh and ensiled forages as a source of estrogenic equol in bovine milk: a review

Kalač¹

2013

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Sample preparation followed the protocol described by Andersen et al (2009), with some modifications. Each sample was thawed overnight at 4-6 °C, equilibrated to ambient temperature, and homogenized with a Vortex mixer.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the range of foods commonly consumed by humans, milk from dairy cows is an interesting potential source of equol (Tsen et al 2014;Křižová et al 2011). In recent years, many studies have been conducted on how to assess equol in milk and on feeding strategies for increasing the content of this molecule in milk (Adler et al 2014;Kalač 2013;Höjer et al 2012;Andersen et al 2009;Mustonen et al 2009;Steinshamn et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hydrolysis step is therefore required to estimate the overall quantity of equol excreted in milk. The chromatographic technique most frequently used to analyze phytoestrogens and their microbial metabolites in milk samples is liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with a mass spectrometry (MS) detector (Adler et al 2014;Höjer et al 2012;Andersen et al 2009;Steinshamn et al 2008;Antignac et al 2004). LC is often used because sample preparation is easy and the method can be useful in analyzing more complex forms of phytoestrogens (e.g., with sugar, malonyl, or sulfate fragments) (Wu et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating the use of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify equol in cow’s milk

Daems

Jasselette

Romnee

et al. 2015

Dairy Sci. & Technol.

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Cow's milk can be used as a potential source of equol in the human diet. In order to study human intake, however, it is necessary to develop a reliable and sensitive analytical method. This paper reports on the validation of an analytical method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry detector to quantify the equol in commercial milks (raw, whole, semi-skimmed, and skimmed milk). The equol was initially released using enzymatic hydrolysis, and it was then extracted using a double liquid/liquid extraction. The analytical method produced a linear calibration curve with a high correlation coefficient (R 2 ≥0.996) between 5 and 1,000 ng.mL -1 . Good intra-and inter-day precision (≤5.3% and≤5.2%, respectively) and accuracy (≤8.6%) were achieved. The recovery rate differed slightly among the different types of milk, ranging between 60.6± 1.09% and 82.3±5.21%. Good method repeatability was observed (≤15%). There was neither matrix effect nor carry-over effect, and the sample extracts were stable for at least 7 days of storage at -21 °C and 5 °C. The method proved to be specific, sensitive, precise, and accurate and was used for the first time to quantify the equol content in Belgian commercial cow's milk. In all the samples analyzed, equol was present at a concentration ≥10 ng.mL -1 and had a significantly higher content in organic than in conventional milk. The study also found that the mean concentrations of equol were similar for each type of commercial conventional cow's milk.

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“…Cow's milk contains endogenous hormones such as oestrogens and progesterone, and also various phytoestrogens (Purup et al, 2005;Steinshamn et al, 2008;Andersen et al, 2009), a diverse group of non-steroidal plant-derived compounds that show structural and functional similarities with 17-b oestradiol. Phytoestrogens have the potential to exert oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic activities by interacting with numerous molecules, carrier proteins, enzymes and membrane and nuclear receptors directly or indirectly involved in oestrogen signals (Benassayag et al, 2002;Committee on Toxicity, 2003;Martin et al, 2007).…”

Section: Cell-based Models Of the Mammary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-based models to test the effects of milk-derived bioactives

Purup

Nielsen²

2012

Animal

Self Cite

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The life science industries have a strong interest in screening for novel bioactives in complex mixtures like milk and dairy products. Food bioactives are not only important for public health in general, but also have potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of a number of diseases. To identify these novel bioactives, establishment of robust screening assays is essential. The use of in vitro cell-based models for screening and testing have the advantage that several concentrations of mixtures or specific compounds can be assayed at the same time in cells from specific tissues. Primary cell cultures from target organs or established cell lines can be used to identify the most sensitive cells. In addition, a large number of transfected cell lines with very specific sensitivities have been developed. Different endpoints inherent to basal or more sophisticated cellular functions can be investigated, such as cell viability, apoptosis, migration, intracellular signalling, regulation of gene expression, morphology and metabolic alterations. The gastrointestinal tract is an obvious target for bioactive molecules delivered through milk and dairy products, because it lies at the interface between dietary components in the lumen and the internal processes of the host. Identification of bioactive factors that affects proliferation or migration of epithelial cells may have potential applications in promoting gastrointestinal health in both humans and animals. The mammary gland is another target organ of considerable interest since it has been estimated that up to 50% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers may be related to dietary factors. A large number of gastrointestinal and mammary epithelial cell lines are commercially available, but in order to study some cellular functions, primary cultures of freshly isolated cells are often preferred, as established cell lines do not always express specialised properties in culture.

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Phyto-oestrogens in herbage and milk from cows grazing white clover, red clover, lucerne or chicory-rich pastures

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

Fresh and ensiled forages as a source of estrogenic equol in bovine milk: a review

Fresh and ensiled forages as a source of estrogenic equol in bovine milk: a review

Validating the use of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify equol in cow’s milk

Cell-based models to test the effects of milk-derived bioactives

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