Phytobioactive compound-based nanodelivery systems for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus – current status

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major chronic disease that is prevalent worldwide, and it is characterized by an increase in blood glucose, disturbances in the metabolism, and alteration in insulin secretion. Nowadays, food-based therapy has become an important treatment mode for type 2 diabetes, and phytobioactive compounds have gained an increasing amount of attention to this end because they have an effect on multiple biological functions, including the sustained secretion of insulin and regeneration of pancreatic islets cells. However, the poor solubility and lower permeability of these phyto products results in a loss of bioactivity during processing and oral delivery, leading to a significant reduction in the bioavailability of phytobioactive compounds to treat T2DM. Recently, nanotechnological systems have been developed for use as various types of carrier systems to improve the delivery of bioactive compounds and thus obtain a greater bioavailability. Furthermore, carrier systems in most nanodelivery systems are highly biocompatible, with nonimmunologic behavior, a high degree of biodegradability, and greater mucoadhesive strength. Therefore, this review focuses on the various types of nanodelivery systems that can be used for phytobioactive compounds in treating T2DM with greater antidiabetic effects. There is also additional focus on improving the effects of various phytobioactive compounds through nanotechnological delivery to ensure a highly efficient treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy

“…Naringenin-loaded liposomal nanoformulation has been found to increase solubility and oral bioavailability (13.44 fold) of naringenin, thus improving its clinical applications [218]. Despite several nanoformulations of naringenin have been claimed to improve oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy against different diseases; however, their potential role in diabetes management is still limited [219]. Naringenin-loaded chitosan core-shell nanoparticles coated with alginate have been found to be effective for oral delivery naringenin ensuring significant drug entrapment (> 90%) and pH-responsive slow and sustained release of naringenin [220].…”

Comparison of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs as Add-On Treatments in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Metformin: A Network Meta-Analysis

“…Metformin is the first treatment choice for T2DM patients, as recommended by the guidelines [ 4 – 6 ]. However, when the disease is prolonged, the insulin function of patients declines, and they often experience chronic complications [ 7 ]. Monotherapy or increasing the therapeutic dose of metformin cannot effectively control blood glucose; thus, a combined approach with other oral antidiabetic agents with different mechanisms of action should be adopted.…”

Nanodelivery of Natural Antioxidants: An Anti-aging Perspective

“…Indeed, such pharmaceuticals may block several pro-oxidative and/or pro-inflammatory pathways but at the same time strengthen others. On the basis of these considerations, dietary supplementation with natural antioxidants (mostly polyphenols) seems to be a reasonable alternative to synthetic antioxidant intake since natural phytoantioxidants are known to be able to effectively counteract both oxidative stress and inflammation (Petersen and Smith, 2016;Ganesan et al, 2017). The only problem is that in vivo activities of natural antioxidants may be limited owing to their low bioavailability (Shen et al, 2007).…”