Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of Trigona Apicalis propolis extract

Abstract

Abstract. Propolis is a resinous substance found in beehives. It provides beneficial effects on human health and has been used to treat many diseases since ancient times. The objectives of this study were to analyze the phytochemical profile of propolis derived from local T. apicalis species and its antioxidant activities. The ethanolic extract of propolis was subjected to HPLC analysis to analyze its phytochemical profile. The propolis extract was later tested for antioxidant capacities by using DPPH radical scavenging assay. TPC and TFC were performed to determine the correlation with its antioxidant activities. TEAC for each serial dilution sample was 2621.15 (4.76 mg/mL), 2050.85 (2.38 mg/mL), 1883.27 (1.19 mg/mL), 1562.67 (0.59 mg/mL), 1327.82 (0.29 mg/mL), 1164.49 (0.15 mg/mL), 983.27 (0.07 mg/mL), and 944.79 (0.04 mg/mL). The results demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of propolis extract were dose dependent. The IC50 of propolis for DPPH assay was 4.27 mg/ml. Correlation values of TPC and TFC against DPPH indicate that the antioxidant activities of propolis extract used in this study could be mainly influenced by the phenolic and flavonoid contents. These findings highlighted the importance of quality analysis in order to ensure the consistency of biological effects or therapy of a natural product, such as propolis.

GC‐MS Evaluation, Antioxidant Content, and Cytotoxic Activity of Propolis Extract from Peninsular Malaysian Stingless Bees, Tetrigona Apicalis

“…The graph in Figure 1 also showed that the radical scavenging activities were augmented, corresponding to the increase in the concentration of EEP. Previous studies by Rosli et al [ 8 ] and Asem et al [ 14 ] have also reported that T. apicalis propolis was very active in scavenging ABTS + and DPPH radicals. These suggest that EEP has the potential to combat oxidative stress which is strongly attributed to the existence of crucial antioxidant compounds detected by the GC-MS analysis.…”

“…Rosli et al [ 8 ], Gapar [ 15 ], and Asem et al [ 16 ] have investigated the antioxidant activity of propolis extract from T. apicalis via 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS + ) assay. Gapar [ 15 ] also correlated the antioxidant activity of T. apicalis propolis extract with total phenolic and flavonoid content.…”

Exploration of the Antifungal Potential of Indonesian Propolis from Tetragonula biroi Bee on Candida sp. and Cryptococcus neoformans

“…Indonesian propolis from Tetragonula biroi bee has polyphenol content of 14.72-18.32% which also translates as having 29.44 -36.71 µg/ml phenols in 200 µg/ml propolis. This is in range with Malaysian propolis from Heterotrigona itama bee having phenolic content of 29.1 µg/ml, and lower than the Malaysian propolis from Geniotrigona thoracica bee with phenolic content of 56.9 µg/ml 28) . Meanwhile, the flavonoid content of Indonesian propolis is more superior compared propolis from other countries as Indonesian propolis has 7.83-17.45% of flavonoid when compared to Taiwanese propolis with 2.82-3.07% flavonoid, Brazil with 3.26% flavonoid, and China with 5.37-7.73% flavonoid 27) .…”

Recovery and solubility of flavonoid and phenolic contents from Arachis Hypogea in supercritical carbon dioxide assisted by ethanol as cosolvent

“…Total phenolic content (TPC) was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent as referred by Rosli et al (2016). Five milliliter of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was mixed with 50 ml distilled water and 3 g of Na 2 CO 3 was mixed with 40 ml distilled water and sonicated for 5 F I G U R E 1 Apparatus scheme of supercritical carbon dioxide assisted by ethanol as cosolvent minutes.…”