Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Traditionally Used Artemisia absinthium L. (Wormwood) Growing in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Artemisia absinthium, a plant distributed worldwide, has been reported for its numerous traditional uses, and its phytoconstituents have been investigated in several previous publications. The current study was designed to investigate the chemistry and quality; i.e., the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, of A. absinthium volatile oil from plant species growing in the central area of Saudi Arabia compared to reported data for the plant growing in other parts of the world. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) spectroscopic analyses, in addition to in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic assays, were conducted to fulfill the aims, and integrated the study’s conclusion. A total of 34 compounds representing 99.98% of the essential oil of the plant were identified; among them, cis-davanone was found at the highest concentration (52.51%) compared to the other constituents. In addition, α-gurjunene (7.15%), chamazulene (3.38%), camphene (3.27), γ-eudesmol (2.49%), pinocarvone (2.18%), and ocimenone (2.03%) were also identified as major constituents of the plant’s essential oil. The total percentage of davanones (53%) was the highest percentage found in the plant species growing elsewhere in the world. The antioxidant assays; i.e., the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging activity (DPPH-SA), evidenced the potential in vitro antioxidant activity of the A. absinthium essential oil, with 35.59, 10.54, and 24.00 mg Trolox equivalent per gram of the essential oil. In addition, the metal-cheating activity (MCA) of the essential oil was measured at 29.87 mg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) equivalent per gram of the essential oil. Moreover, a limited cytotoxic effect of the essential oil against all tested cell lines was observed, which might be considered as an indicator of the safety of A. absinthium as a worldwide edible plant. In conclusion, the study confirmed the variations in the A. absinthium essential oil constituents in response to the environmental conditions. The study also highlighted the potential health benefits of the plant’s essential oil as an antioxidant agent.

Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Bioactivity Study of Novel Hybrid Benzimidazole Urea Derivatives: A Promising α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Candidate with Antioxidant Activity

“…Using the method of Zengin et al [ 78 ] with modification, the ability of compounds to chelate iron compared to the EDTA was estimated. To inchoate the color, a compound solution in DMSO (2 with a final concentration of 1 mM) plus ferrous chloride (25 μL, 2 mM, FeCl 2 ) was added to 100 μL of ferrozine.…”

A multidisciplinary approach to the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Arbutus pavarii Pampan fruit; in vitro and in Vivo biological evaluations, and in silico investigations

“…The assay was carried out according to the reported method. 38 In a 96-well plate, the TPTZ working reagent (190 μl) composed of acetate buffer (300 mM PH = 3.6), TPTZ (10 mM in 40 mM HCl), and FeCl3 (20 mM) was added to 10 μl of the plant extract, and the mixture was kept at RT for 30 min before being measured at 593 nm. The FRAP extract activity was measured as mg Trolox equivalent.…”

Spectral analysis and antibacterial effect of cold methanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium L.

“…It has been reported that octadecanoic acid-2, 3-dihydroxypropyl ester exerts numerous pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-eczemic, hypocholesterolemic, and antihistaminic properties (Fadeyi et al, 2015). Hexadecanoic acid-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester possesses antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, nematocidal and antiandrogenic properties (Tulika and Mala, 2017 The presence of terpineol in the essential oil of A. absinthium L. has been reported (Mohammed, 2022;Pan et al, 2013). Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one was present in the CMMEL of A. absinthium L. and reported as a good fragrance agent (Krishnamoorthy et al, 2018).…”