Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and antibacterial activities of Ziziphus Species (Z. jujube and Z. spina christi)

Abstract

Despite tremendous progress in human medicines infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are still a major threat to public health. Their impact is particularly large in developing countries due to relative unavailability of medicines and emergence of widespread drugs resistance.The aim and objectives of this research work was designed to carried outthe Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the Ziziphus jujube and Ziziphus spina-christi leaves against clinical bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphloccoccus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae)as they were found out that since ancient times to date, they are used in treating various antimicrobial, ailment and disorders etc. The results of the research shows that, the effect of antibacterial activities of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujube (e extract conc. aqueous; F=119.37, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=1.00 and extract conc. ethanol; F=15.74, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=0.59) are reciprocally proportional to their counterpart, Ziziphus spina-christi (extract conc. aqueous; F=54.96, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=0.94 and extract conc. ethanol; F=81.11, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=1.37). In sum, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ziziphus jujube shows that the aqueous extract has MIC at range of 11.7 to 8.7mg/ml on all tested bacteria but the ethanolic extract has M.I.C of 14.8 to 8.2mg/ml range on E.coli, Klepsiellaspp and S. aureus. While, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ziziphus spinachristi shows MIC of aqueous extract range of 12.8 to 8.3mg/ml on E. coli, Klepsiella spp and S.aureus. But, Ziziphus spinachristi MIC of ethanolic extract is 13.5 to 8.8mg/ml on all the tested bacteria. In sum, Zizuphus spina-christi has lower nutritional content and low MIC ethanolic extract than that of Ziziphus jujube.

Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activities of Sidr Leaf Extract (Ziziphus spina-christi) against Pathogenic Bacteria in Aquaculture

“…Based on these data, it seems likely that Sidr extract is potentially a natural antibiotic in aquaculture. The results in this study are in line with those of Alhassan et al (2019), Al-Mutairi et al (2016, Khaleel et al (2019), andTemerk et al (2017). The results indicate that the Sidr leaf extract has the potential as an antibacterial agent.…”

“…Different results are shown byIbrahim et al (2015), who found alkaloids to be the significant phytochemical of Sidr leaf from Nigeria Ermias et al (2011). andAlhassan et al (2019) found that steroid, flavonoid, tannin, lipid, anthraquinone, saponin, and alkaloid are present in Z. spina-christi leaf extracts. By contrast,Suliman and Mohammed (2018) found that the phytochemical components of Sidr leaf from Sudan do not contain steroids.…”

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) – a promising fruit from Traditional Chinese Medicine

“…Beavo and Brunton (2002) found that jujube fruits contain a certain amount of cAMP, which has a positive e ect on the heart muscle, nutritional myocardium and diastolic blood vessels, as well as having anti-arrhythmia and anti-platelet aggregation e ects. Recent phytochemical research on jujube fruits has revealed anti-cancer, anti-in ammatory, anti-obesity, immuno-stimulating, anti-oxidant, hepato-protective and gastro-intestinal protective properties, as well as inhibition of foam cell formation in macrophages (Abedini et al, 2016;Keerthi et al, 2016;Rajopadhye, Upadhye, 2016;Alhassan et al, 2019). Cosmulescu et al (2017) mentioned that jujube fruits are rich in bioactive compounds ( avonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanin) and can complement a healthy human diet.…”

Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi L.

“…has not yet been investigated extensively, although reports have shown that Z. spina-christi was potentially a good source of antimicrobial compounds and other functional groups. The Ziziphus genus has previously been found to include a variety of functional substances including vitamin C, amino acids, triterpene acids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpene acids, saponins, alkaloids, indole derivatives, and fatty acids [ 6 ]. The use of these compounds especially for applications in crop protection was not as common as in the medical field [ 7 ].…”