Phytochemical components and physiological activities of purple wheat bran ‘Arriheuk’ extracts

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds in purple wheat bran 'Arriheuk' extract, with water, 50% ethanol and 70% ethanol and determine its physiological activities. Six types of flavonoids were identified in 'Arriheuk' extract using a HPLC analysis. The highest total polyphenol content was observed in the 70% ethanol extract, while the highest total flavonoid content was obtained both from the water and the 70% ethanol extracts of 'Arriheuk'. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity was significantly high in the 48-h water extract and the 12-h 70% ethanol extract, while the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radical scavenging activity was not significantly different between the two extracts. Cell viability, determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, was high for cells treated with 70% ethanol extract. The apoptosis protective effect, confirmed by Hoechst staining, showed that the morphological features were significantly reduced in cells treated with the 70% ethanol extract. Oil-Red-O staining was used to confirm the protective effect of 'Arriheuk' extracts on the intracellular lipid accumulation in cells, and the results showed the best inhibitory effect was observed at the 70% ethanol extract. However, the effect decreased in a concentration dependent manner. These results may improve the usage of 'Arriheuk' as a food material in the future.

Black Wheat Extracts (Arriheuk) Regulate Adipogenesis and Lipolysis via Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Signaling Pathways

“…The yield was determined by dividing the weight of the lyophilized powder by the weight of the raw material. The total flavonoid content (TFC) of the arriheuk extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as suggested in the previous study with minor modifications in Table 1 [18].…”

“…The presence of a total phenolic compound content is correlated with high antioxidant activity [17]. Moreover, the high antioxidant capacity of wheat sprouts can support their use as food supplements to act against diseases induced by free radicals [18]. 'Arriheuk' is a purple colored wheat variety developed by the National Institute of Food Science, Wanju, of the Republic of Korea, under the breeding program to promote the production and consumption of domestic wheat [18].…”

“…Moreover, the high antioxidant capacity of wheat sprouts can support their use as food supplements to act against diseases induced by free radicals [18]. 'Arriheuk' is a purple colored wheat variety developed by the National Institute of Food Science, Wanju, of the Republic of Korea, under the breeding program to promote the production and consumption of domestic wheat [18]. There is currently great interest in the application of germination processes that can significantly enhance the dietary and health benefits of grains by increasing the content of bioactive phytochemicals in the sprouts [15].…”

“…The presence of the total phenolic compound content is correlated with high antioxidant activity [17]. The high antioxidant capacity of wheat sprouts can support their use as food supplements to act against the diseases induced by free radicals [18]. The nutritional benefits of this purple wheat are of interest to health enthusiasts due to its high levels of polyphenolic compounds.…”