Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Selected Wild Berries (Rubus moluccanus L., R. fraxinifolius Poir., and R. alpestris Blume)

Abstract

Berries, from the genus Rubus, are among the vital components in a healthy diet. In this study, 80% methanol extracts from the three wild Rubus species (Rubus moluccanus L., Rubus fraxinifolius Poir., and Rubus alpestris Blume) were evaluated for their phytochemical contents (total phenolics, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content), antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays), antiacetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial activities. GC-MS was used for quantification of naturally occurring phytochemicals. The results showed that R. alpestris contained the highest total phenolic [24.25 ± 0.1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g] and carotenoid content [21.86 ± 0.63 mg β-carotene equivalents (BC)/g], as well as the highest DPPH scavenging and FRAP activities. The highest total flavonoid [18.17 ± 0.20 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g] and anthocyanin content [36.96 ± 0.39 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (c-3-gE)/g] have been shown by R. moluccanus. For antibacterial assays, R. moluccanus and R. alpestris extracts showed mild inhibition towards Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis. Anticholinesterase activity for all extracts was in the range of 23–26%. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of at least 12, 21, and 7 different organic compounds in 80% methanol extracts of R. alpestris, R. moluccanus, and R. fraxinifolius, respectively, which might contribute to the bioactivity.

Antioxidant Activity of Rubus fraxinifolius Poir. and Rubus rosifolius J. Sm. Leaves

“…19 It has been reported in Rubus species that there are phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid (usually found as glycosylated glycosylation polymers), gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. 17 Polyphenolic compounds are known to react strongly in scavenge free radicals by donating hydrogen atoms or electron chelating metal ions. The use of FCR is the most commonly used method for assessing TPC.…”

“…16 Fruit of R. fraxinifolius Poir. was reported have good antioxidant activity (FRAP method) 17 but only few studies had established this result. It has been reported in Rubus species that there are phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid (usually found as glycosylated glycosylation polymers), gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid.…”

“…It has been reported in Rubus species that there are phenolic compounds such as ellagic acid (usually found as glycosylated glycosylation polymers), gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. 17 This study was aimed to examine the antioxidant capacity of both leaves extract using DPPH scavenging and FRAP methods. DPPH can only be dissolved in organic media; this condition becomes an important limitation when it comes to interpreting the role of hydrophilic antioxidants.…”

Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Kandungan Senyawa Polifenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Rubus fraxinifolius

“…Beberapa pustaka menunjukkan bahwa tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kandungan polifenolat serta flavonoid yang tinggi. Secara tradisional, tanaman ini dikenal berkhasiat dalam meredakan morning sickness, anti diare, disentri, memperkuat kehamilan, membantu persalinan, serta digunakan dalam meredakan kram menstruasi (3)(4)(5)(6) . Organ daun dan batang R. fraxinifolius tidak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat.…”

Identificación de Peronospora sparsa y evaluación del contenido de fenoles en frutos de mora de castilla afectados por este microorganismo

“…La extracción se llevó a cabo por hidrólisis ácida, empleando etanol al 80% y ajustando el pH a 2.6 con adición de ácido cítrico, tal como lo indica Guzmán Nieves (2011). Se usó una relación muestra-solvente de 1:8 con agitación mecánica orbital a 250 rpm por 2 horas a temperatura ambiente(Abu Bakar et al, 2016;Li et al, 2010;Veliaeanski et al, 2012).…”