Phytochemical Delivery Through Transferosome (Phytosome): An Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery for Complementary Medicines

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery aims to create a safe and effective method of administering drugs through the skin that attracts a lot of attention and investment due to the constant progress in the field. Transferosomes are flexible or malleable vesicles (having almost the same structure as liposomes but with better skin penetration properties) discovered initially in the early 90s. The name transferosomes, which means “carrying bodies,” is coined from the Latin phrase “Transferee,” which means “to carry through,” and the Greek term “soma,” meaning “body.” In comparison to typical herbal extracts, phytosomes (Transferosomes) are created by attaching specific herbal extracts to phosphatidylcholine, resulting in a formulation with increased solubility and, hence, better absorption, resulting in improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of the entrapped drugs. We are using the word phytosomes and transferosomes interchangeably as we have consolidated vesicular delivery of herbal drugs through skin. In this mini-review, we have demonstrated the enormous potential of developing nanotechnology to deliver bioactive phytochemicals, with a special emphasis on phytosomes (Transferosomes) as a unique lipid-based nanocarrier for transdermal drug delivery.

SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and vulnerability at the global level

“…149 , 150 , 151 , 152 Nasal administration of the nano based drug delivery will provide potential for the targeted delivery while in case of vaccine provide local immune protection. 153 , 154 , 155 Finally, a concentrated and well‐coordinated public health effort, as well as quick and broad adoption of effective vaccinations, is required to stay ahead of the inevitable emergence of variations that might severely expedite the pandemic's progression.…”

Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Entrapping Natural Bioactive Compounds for Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

“…Moreover, an open-label, phase-1 study on the use of liposomal irinotecan injection was carried out on 136 participants to study its effects on advanced breast cancer and evaluate its efficacy and safety (NCT04728035). Transfersomes are phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes with an edge activator ( 175 ). Because of greater penetration, celecoxib loaded into transfersomes containing soy phosphatidylcholine combined with sodium deoxycholate was found to be a therapeutically efficient drug-delivery approach for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ( 176 ).…”

Current Advances in Specialised Niosomal Drug Delivery: Manufacture, Characterization and Drug Delivery Applications

“…; hormones such as estradiol; and vaccines such as tetanus-toxoid. Studies conducted with these agents indicated the potential of transferosomes for increased permeability, sustained drug release leading to prolonged therapeutic efficacy, improved transdermal flux, reduced blood clearance and enhanced pharmacokinetic profile [ 114 , 115 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 ]. As there are many comprehensive reviews presented in the literature for the aforementioned therapeutic classes of drugs [ 116 , 123 ], the following sections will illustrate additional and exciting applications of deformable vesicles.…”

“…As depicted in Figure 8 , phytosomes are formed through phospholipid interaction with phytochemicals via the hydrogen bond between the polar functions of the phospholipid and the phytochemical constituents. Permeation of these phytosomes through the skin is achieved by the addition of EA into the phospholipid bilayers [ 121 , 124 ]. The majority of research has been done to improve the permeability of polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids for improved bioavailability.…”

“…The majority of research has been done to improve the permeability of polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids for improved bioavailability. Studies have been carried out to evaluate the biological activities of phytochemicals for anti-ageing, antihypertension, neurological, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antineoplastic and antibiotic properties, with noteworthy commercial success [ 121 , 124 , 125 ]. As new phytochemicals are discovered at a rapid pace, much research should be undertaken to overcome the limitations of these pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.…”