Phytochemical evaluation and anticancer activity of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit endocarp extracts against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells

Abstract

The current investigation was taken to screen the phytoconstituents present in fruit endocarp various extracts of Nephelium lappaceum commonly called as Rambutan fruit and its anticancer property against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells. Different analytical techniques including qualitative phytochemical analysis, cell viability assay (MTT), apoptotic nuclear staining (DAPI), DNA fragmentation assay, Attenuated total reflection (ATR) and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) spectral analysis were carried out. ATR and GC–MS study revealed the presence of functional groups and 9 compounds, respectively in methanol endocarp extract. The results obtained depicts that methanol endocarp extract profoundly controlled cell proliferation and caused shrinkage of HepG-2 cells from polygonal to spherical shape. DAPI staining revealed that methanol endocarp extract caused increased fragmentation of nucleus and DNA fragmentation, which can be taken as a sign of apoptosis. The anticancer potential of methanol fruit endocarp extract of Nephelium lappaceum than other extracts and could be used successfully in future drug delivery systems and other biomedical concerns.

Incomptine A Induces Apoptosis, ROS Production and a Differential Protein Expression on Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cells

“…Additionally, the use of high doses of methotrexate has been reported to be toxic to humans [ 2 ] and mice [ 10 ]. These results suggest that IA has antitumoral potential [ 4 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

“…Additionally, the use of high doses of methotrexate has been reported to be toxic to humans [2] and mice [10]. These results suggest that IA has antitumoral potential [4,[11][12][13]. In addition, because DAPI staining was used, the strong cytotoxic properties of IA can be associated with an apoptotic process [11,12].…”

“…These results suggest that IA has antitumoral potential [4,[11][12][13]. In addition, because DAPI staining was used, the strong cytotoxic properties of IA can be associated with an apoptotic process [11,12]. To explore the possible mechanism of action of cell death induced on U-937 cell lines.…”

Review of Nephelium lappaceum and Nephelium ramboutan-ake: A High Potential Supplement

“…As a result, the highest TPC (542.2 mg GAE/g) and antioxidants activities (IC 50 = 4.94 µg/mL) were shown by the methanol extract as compared with other solvents (Table 4). The better extraction property of methanol was further supported by another study where methanol extract exhibited better anti-neoplastic effects as compared with other solvent extractions [47]. However, another study indicated that the use of ethyl acetate contributes to high antioxidant activities [48].…”

“…Phytochemical analysis showed that the high antineoplastic effects of methanol peel extract were contributed by the high phenolic contents such as coumarin, flavonoid, phenols, saponin and tannin. Other compounds, such as alkaloid, carbohydrate, cardiac glycoside, protein, terpenoid and triterpenoid, were also detected in the methanol extract [47]. However, the anti-proliferative effect of peel and seed of the fruit tested on human mouth carcinoma cell line (CLS-354) showed that the peel (IC 50 = 292 µg/mL) and seeds (IC 50 = 305 µg/mL) did not show high anti-proliferative effects on the cancer cell lines [9].…”