Phytochemical investigation and nephroprotective potential of Sida cordata in rat

Abstract

BackgroundPlants are an efficient source of natural antioxidant against free radicals causing kidney damages. Sida cordata ethyl acetate fraction has been reported for strong in vitro antioxidant potency, previously. In the present study, our objective was to evaluate its in vivo antioxidant potency against CCl4 induced nephrotoxicity and investigates the bioactive phytochemicals by HPLC-DAD analysis.MethodsPhytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-DAD methodology. For in vivo study, 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with alternatively managed doses for 60 days. Group I animals were remained untreated. Group II animals were treated with vehicle (1 mL of olive oil) by intragastric route on alternate days. Group III was treated with 30% CCl4 (1 mL/kg b.w.) i.p. Group IV was treated with 30% CCl4 (1 mL/kg b.w.) i.p and silymarin intragastric. Group V and VI rats were treated with 30% CCl4 and SCEE (150 and 300 mg/kg b.w., respectively) intragastric. Group VII animals were treated with SCEE (300 mg/kg b.w.) intragastrically. Blood parameters, Serum proteins and urine profile were investigated. Activities of tissue enzyme i.e. catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, GSH and γ-GT were evaluated. Histopathological observations, total protein contents, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and relative weight were also analyzed.ResultsGallic acid, catechin and caffeic acid were identified in SCEE fraction by HPLC-DAD. Decrease in the count of red blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and concentration of hemoglobin whereas increase in lymphocyte count and estimation of sedimentation rate (ESR) with 1 mL CCl4 (30% in Olive oil) administration (30 doses in 60 days) was restored dose dependently with co-treatment of SCEE (150 and 300 mg/kg b.w.). Treatment of rats with CCl4 markedly (P < 0.01) increased the count of urinary red blood cells and leucocytes, concentration of urea, creatinine and urobilinogen and specific gravity whereas creatinine clearance was reduced. Serum level of total protein, albumin, globulin, nitrite, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly increased (P < 0.01) by CCl4 treatment. The activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase and content of reduced glutathione was decreased (P < 0.01) significantly. However, increased concentration (P < 0.01) of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and histopathological injuries were noticed in the renal tissues of rats after the treatment with CCl4. Co-administration of SCEE, dose dependently, protected the alterations in the studied parameters of rats at 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w. The present study revealed that SCEE could be used as a possible remedy for renal toxicity abnormalities.ConclusionThese results are an evidence of the renal protective role of S.cordat ethyl acetate fraction against CCl4 induced nephrotoxicity in rats which may be due to its antioxidant compounds.

Chemical characterization and evaluation of the nephroprotective potential of Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Decne) Rehder and Periploca hydaspidis Falc crude extract in CCl4-induced Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…These measurement levels of urine highlighted the pharmacological significance of PJM and PHM fraction. The current study strengthens the research findings of Shah et al, 2017 , who reported the nephro-protective effect of Sida cordata Ethyl-acetate fraction (SCEE) against CCl 4 -induced nephrotoxicity using 150 and 300 mg/kg doses. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in urinary albumin, urinary protein levels, and pH while considerable reduction in RBCs, WBCs, urobilinogen, specific gravity, and urea were observed after SCEE administration relative to CCl 4 -treated group, thereby indicating improved kidney function.…”

Hepatoprotective Activity and Nephroprotective Activity of Peel Extract from Three Varieties of the Passion Fruit (Passiflora Sp.) in the Albino Rat

“…The nephroprotective mechanism is also shown by tannins compounds and which have good antioxidant activity [ 53 ]. Antioxidant compounds can protect the kidneys from alteration of kidney proteins and prevented the medical histopathological change of kidney tissue [ 54 ].…”

In vitroantioxidant efficacy and the therapeutic potential ofWendlandia heynei(Schult.) Santapau & Merchant against bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

“…Rutin, a natural flavone derivative, possesses numerous biological potencies and has reported to have nephroprotective potencies against drug toxicity. 47 Catechin is a well-reputed polyphenolic compound with a protective ability against inflammation, apoptosis, and neurological disorders and it protects DNA and proteins from the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. 48 Caffeic acid also possesses antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor efficacies.…”