Phytochemical investigation on Vitex negundo leaves and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities

Abstract

The phytochemical investigation on Vitex negundo leaves has led to the isolation of one new iridoid glucoside (8α-hydroxy-4-carboxyl-5βH-9βH-iridoid-1α-O-(6′-O-(6,7-dihydrofoliamenthonyl)β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside, 3), together with three known compounds, namely agnuside (1), 6′-O-Ecaffeoylmussaenosidic acid (2), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4). The HPLC analytical study was also performed to quantify the content of agnuside (1) in dried leaves. The results indicated the very high content of 1 (3.04 ± 0.02%). The method was also validated by various parameters, including linearity (R 2 = 0.9999), precision (intra-day RSD ≤ 2.50%, inter-day RSD= 0.76%), and accuracy (recovery rates 96.58-101.86%). The animal testing data showed that the extract did not reduce pain at the doses of 9.6 and 28.8 g /kg (leaf weight/body weight) in the hot plates and pain measuring models but showed the pain reduction in the acetic acid-induced pain model. The extract at the dose of 5.6 g/kg (leaf weight/body weight) also had effects on the acute inflammation in the carrageenin-induced edema model. The extract at the dose 9.6 and 28.8 g/ kg (leaf weight/body weight) also showed significant chronic anti-inflammation, comparable to methylprednisolone at the dose 10 mg/kg on the mouse peritoneal.

Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Ethanol Leaf Extract of Vitex negundo L in Experimental Animals

“…3,4 Pharmacological studies have also been conducted on this medicinal plant's analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, cough reduction, expectorant and antipyretic properties. 5,6 Despite Vitex negundo's benefits, evidence of this herb's safety in acute and sub-chronic toxicity remains scarce. The toxicity profile is essential before considering a plant extract's pharmacological activities and applications.…”