Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Effects of Different Medicinal Plant: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Abstract

The application of medicinal plants for combating various human ailments, as a food fortificant and additive have been adapted from ancient routine custom. Currently, developing countries use plants as a major source of primary health care. Besides, the emerging drug resistant pathogenic microbes encourage the utilization of medicinal plants as preeminent alternative sources of new bioactive substances. Extensive research findings have been reported in the last three decades. But methods to investigate the phytoconstituent and their biological effects are limited. This review contains brief explanations about the selection of medicinal plants, procedure for obtaining the crude as well as essential oil extracts, phytochemical screening, and in-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts reported from their respective solvent fractionated and non-fractionated in-vitro analysis has also been described in the present paper. The bioactive substances from medicinal plant along with chemical structure and biological effects are highlighted in the content.

Potency of Combining Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis with Low-Dose Cisplatin in A549 Human Lung Adenocarcinomas and MCF-7 Breast Adenocarcinoma

“…Important medicinal phytochemicals such as phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols and steroids, fixed oils, and fatty acids are present in E. camaldulensis. Terpenoids are anti-inflammatory, antiviral, inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, and antibacterial [26].…”

Plant Extracts: Antimicrobial Properties, Mechanisms of Action and Applications

“…pathogenic microorganisms. It demonstrated that both Gram-positive and Gramnegative were against by gallic acid, catechin, curcumin, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, stilbenes, and lignans with the MIC values ranged from 0.5 to 1000 μg/mL (Díaz-Gómez et al 2014;El-Toumy et al 2018;Górniak et al 2019;Guil-Guerrero et al 2016;Mulat et al 2020;Tsopmo et al 2013). Compared to other researchers, Górniak et al (2019) have revealed that flavonoids had better antibacterial activities with low minimum inhibition concentration at the range of 0.5-39.2 μg/mL as well as against a wide range of bacteria, even against methicillin-resistant S. aureus.…”

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC–MS feature‐based molecular networking

“…However, the narrow antibacterial spectrum, long research and development time, less pharmacokinetic study, and high economic cost limit its use 11 . Searching for alternative natural antibacterial agents has been proposed, with advantages in rich resources, safe materials, and low economic costs 12 …”