Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Activity and Cholinesterase Inhibition Potential of Essential Oil and Extracts of Teucrium montanum from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

Bioactive compounds from plants play an important role in slowing many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, by inhibiting cholinesterase enzymes. Studies have shown that oxidative stress is associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In traditional medicine of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Teucrium montanum is used to treat numerous diseases. The chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil (EO) and aqueous (AE) and methanol extract (ME) of this plant were studied. The chemical composition of EO was studied using GC-MS, while the composition of the extracts was studied using HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The protection of lipids and proteins from oxidation was tested using the ammonium thiocyanate and BSA oxidation methods. The ability to inhibit cholinesterases was tested by the Ellman method. The main identified EO compounds were α-cadinol, ß-selinene, δ-cadinene, epi-α-cadinol, germacrene D-4-ol, and α-pinene. The main phenolic compounds of the extracts were p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid and caffeic acid. The tested extracts showed good antioxidant radical scavenging and reducing potential and a very good ability to protect lipids and proteins from oxidation. The EO showed moderate AChE and BChE inhibition potential, while the extracts showed weak or no ability.

Volatiles from French and Croatian Sea Fennel Ecotypes: Chemical Profiles and the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiageing Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrolates

“…The EOs were isolated from dry plant materials by hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus, 3 h) following the procedure reported by Bektašević et al [ 32 ]. The separated EOs were dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 .…”

A Novel Approach to Serving Plant-Based Confectionery—The Employment of Spray Drying in the Production of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Delivery Systems Enriched with Teucrium montanum L. Extract

“…To this end, mostly phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified in T. montanum extracts [8][9][10]. However, it can be seen that T. montanum extract, as a generally understudied plant species in terms of bioactive profile, is shown to be a notable source of PGs, in comparison to its commercial plant sources (Table 2).…”

“…Supported by significant scientific evidence in terms of disease prevention, anti-aging, and immune system boosting effects, polyphenols have emerged as one of the most attractive antioxidants today [5][6][7]. Among the identified hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavones, and flavone glycosides [8][9][10], phenylethanoid glycosides (PGs) represent the most understudied phenolic group found in T. montanum extracts. The latest studies show that PGs are promising neuroprotective [11], anticancer [12], anti-obesity [13], anti-inflammatory [14], and antibacterial [15] agents.…”

Teucrium montanum L.—Unrecognized Source of Phenylethanoid Glycosides: Green Extraction Approach and Elucidation of Phenolic Compounds via NMR and UHPLC-HR MS/MS

“…Of the 72 ethnobotanical studies conducted so far on Teucrium L., 20 species have been confirmed for their medicinal purposes in various treatments, mainly for abdominal pain and gastrointestinal complaints reported in a total of 56 studies [5,6], followed by treating spasms, treating rheumatism and as blood purification therapy [7], treating hemorrhoids [8], treating respiratory diseases [9], strengthening the immune system [10], etc. The limited studies conducted so far report antimicrobial [11], anti-inflammatory [12], antiulcerogenic [13], radical scavenging [14], and lipid-protective activities [15] of Teucrium species. These effects are related to the presence of secondary metabolites, such as BC, e.g., phenolic compounds, whose long-term consumption has been shown to play an important role in suppressing oxidative cell damage and the prevalence of various chronic diseases [16][17][18][19].…”

“…Among the polyphenols identified so far in Teucrium L., flavonoids represent the most extensive subgroup, e.g., luteolin and its glycosides, apigenin and its glycosides, vicenin-2, isoquercetin, rutin, (epi)catechin, etc. [15,20,21]. Some studies also reported the presence of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, etc.…”