Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves and roots of Cochlospermum planchonii (Bixaceae)

Abstract

Cochlospermum planchonii is traditionally used in Togo in treating several diseases, including burn wounds which achievement requires anti-infective and good cicatrisation processes. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves and roots of C. planchonii and its phytochemical composition. Five (05) bacterial strains were suspended in liquid media with plant extracts at various concentrations and then spread, after 24 h incubation, on solid media. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimal microbicidal (MMC) concentrations were assessed. Phytochemical characterization tests were performed and flavonoids, tannins and total phenol contents were also determined. Hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of C. planchonii were active on all the germs tested, with MICs ranging from 0.782 to 50 mg/mL and MMCs ranging from 1.563 to 100 mg/mL. The bests activities were recorded with root extract against Staphylococcus aureus: MIC=0.782 mg/mL and MMC =1.563 mg/mL. The MMC/MIC ratios are all equal to 2, indicating that both roots and leaves have bactericidal activities rather than inhibitory activities. Phytochemical tests have demonstrated the presence of metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenes, saponosides, and an absence of alkaloids. Total phenols, tannins and total flavonoids amounts found were respectively 85.466 ± 0.289; 33.566 ± 0.503; 218.333 ± 0.577 µgRE/mg in root extracts, and 75.833 ± 0.289; 26.533 ± 0,053; 183.666 ± 0.577 µgRE/mg in leaf extracts. Both root and leaf hydroethanolic extracts of C. planchonii could be potential natural antimicrobial remedies.

Burn wound healing effects of the root hydroethanolic extract of Cochlospermum planchonii in mice

“…Regarding mechanisms, our previous data (Fankibe et al, 2020) have reported the presence of metabolites (flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides) in the leaves and root hydroethanolic extracts of this plant, as also reported elsewhere (Da et al, 2015;Kallo et al, 2018). In fact, many studies that have highlighted the variations in concentration of secondary metabolites from plant to plant species as well as in the different parts of a plant, leaves and roots being the preferential sites of accumulation of these compounds (Kantati et al, 2016).…”

“…Previous studies in our laboratory have shown the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides in the leaves and root hydroethanolic extracts of this plant (Fankibe et al, 2020). Elsewhere, numerous pharmacological properties have been reported, including: anti-malarial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum (Benoit-Vical et al, 2001); anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic properties (Yoda et al, 2020); hepatoprotective activity (Anaga and Oparah, 2009), inhibitory activity on Toxoplasma Gondii (Benoit-Vical et al, 2000), anti-microbial proprieties (Isah et al, 2013;Fankibe et al, 2020). Our objective in approaching this work was to evaluate the healing effect of this plant on skin burns model in mice.…”

“…The accelerated wound healing observed in this study would then be linked to the phytochemical composition of the plant. In addition, Fankibe et al (2020) have reported antimicrobial activities of leaves and roots of C. planchonii hydroethanolic extracts against four common pathogenic bacteria isolated from wounds (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia). Since infection installation is the most common and inevitable impediment to wound healing (Church et al, 2006;Negut et al, 2018), wound dressings loaded with antimicrobial agents have emerged as viable options to reduce wound bacterial colonization and infection, in order to improve the healing process.…”

“…The dried roots of C. planchonii were ground to powder and 300 g of each was macerated in 4 litres of ethanol-water mix (5:5. v/v) for 72 hours. The filtrate was then evaporated under vacuum at 40 °C using a rotavapor (Buchi R-210) (Fankibe et al, 2020). The extraction yields were calculated following equation:…”

Chemical profile and antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities on Artemia salina from the essential oil of leaves and xylopodium of Cochlospermum regium

“…The methanol root extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium was effective in inhibiting the isolates at high concentration of 10 mg mL -1 on S. aureus and Listeria monocytogene in the study of Abdulaziz et al (2019). Fankibe et al (2020) found satisfactory antibacterial activity on S. aureus by evaluating the extract of C. planchonii leaves and roots. Menezes Filho et al (2020) verified important antifungal activity of the essential oil of the C. regium flower on the phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with an inhibition rate of 79.98% (100 µL mL-1).…”