Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia

Abstract

Background The emergence and spread of resistant microbes continue to be a major public health concern. Effective treatment alternatives, particularly from traditionally used medicinal plants, are needed. Objective The main objective of this study was to conduct phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity evaluation of selected traditionally used medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Methods The ethnomedicinal use value frequency index (FI) was used to select twelve medicinal plants. Phytochemical classes of compounds were screened using different standard methods. Anti-microbial activities of plant extracts were evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli , and Candida albicans . Minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured using the broth micro-dilution method. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and the findings were presented descriptively and using non parametric one-way ANOVA analysis (Kruskal–Wallis/Ddunn’s test). Results The phytochemical constituents identified were flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids, with flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols being the most abundant. The crude extracts and chloroform fractions of the extracts showed an activity against the tested strains. The crude extract of Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill. and A.Rich root demonstrated superior activity against all the tested strains with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.48 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ; 0.98 μg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and 3.90 μg/mL against Candida albicans , which are even better than the reference drug, gentamicin and clotrimazole. Conclusion The majority of evaluated medicinal plants demonstrated remarkable activity against tested microbial strains, which can be attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites of different classes of compounds. The finding provided scientific evidence for the use of these traditionally used medicinal plants.

Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity Test of Medicine Plants in Southeast Sulawesi Against Salmonella Typhi YCTC as An Alternative Addition to Substitution Ingredients for Halal Products

“…There have been several previous studies on the topics discussed, including ( Zega et al, 2021), (Megawati, 2020), (Ernilasari et al, 2021), (Widowati et al, 2021), and (Dubale et al, 2023). Broadly speaking, previous research contains similarities and differences with this research.…”

Silver Nanoparticles From Cassia alata L. Incorporated to Coconut Oil‐Oleogel Based Ointment As An Alternative for Diabetes Mellitus Wound Healing: Optimization, In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

“…Tannins function as reducing agents, courtesy of phenolic groups capable of releasing electrons. In the context of Ag + bioreduction, tannins play a role in contributing electrons, leading to the deposition of the generated Ag particles [13,33] …”

“…In the context of Ag + bioreduction, tannins play a role in contributing electrons, leading to the deposition of the generated Ag particles. [13,33] The FTIR spectrum of ethanolic extract C. alata leaf and biosynthesized AgNPs (Figure 1) was studied to detect functional groups present in plant ethanolic extract and subjected to reduction of Ag + ions and capping for AgNPs. The broad and shallow absorption at 3400 cm À 1 region in the ethanolic extract C. alata leaf spectra indicates the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group from polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids.…”

Phytochemical Screening and Anti-microbial Activity of Polygala sadebeckiana Gurke extracts on bacterial isolate from wound samples of patients with “Shimetere”

“…There is a shift of focus to medicinal plants due to the increased antimicrobial resistance, severe adverse effects, high costs of synthetically available drugs and the community perception towards modern health care practice [33]. Many studies demonstrated that plant extracts are highly effective against bacterial microorganisms due to enormous kind of secondary metabolites [33,34,35].…”