Phytochemicals, Bioactive Properties and Commercial Potential of Calamondin (Citrofortunella microcarpa) Fruits: A Review

Abstract

The calamondin (Citrofortunella microcarpa) is a hybrid citrus fruit resulting from the crossing of a mandarin orange with a kumquat. It is a small, round-shaped fruit with thin, smooth skin ranging from orange to dark red. The aroma of the fruit is distinctive and unique. Calamondin is an excellent source of Vitamin C, D-Limonene, and essential oils, providing benefits to the immune system, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties, and it exhibits various therapeutic effects. It also contains a good amount of dietary fiber from pectin. Its distinctive flavor and high juice content make calamondin juice a popular ingredient in many international cuisines. The juice also contains bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are a potential source of antioxidant properties. All parts of the calamondin fruit, including the juice, pulp, seeds, and peel, can be used in various applications, from food products like juices, powders, and candies to non-food uses in herbal medicine and cosmetics, showcasing their versatility and unique properties. This review will examine various bioactive components of calamondin and their related medicinal effects, and provide guidelines for their utilization, processing, and value addition on a commercial scale.

Enhancing Healthy Salad Dressing Quality with Inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke Powder and Calamondin Peel Essential Oil

“…Moreover, the peels contain flavonoids such as naringosi, hesperidin, diosim, diosmetin, and hesperitin, which helped to protect the walls of capillaries, reduce permeability, and increase their flexibility. Thus, broken capillaries can be prevented and blood pressure can be lower [33]. Calamondin peel oil, a clear liquid with a unique fragrance, contains approximately 2 5 ingredients.…”

Kasturi Orange Peel (Citrus Microcarpa Bunge) Essential Oil: Chemical Profile, Formulation as Roll-on Aromatherapy and Its Evaluation

“…This plant is commonly cultivated in North and West Sumatra. It is beneficial for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries because it contains high levels of secondary metabolism, flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidants [3]. The main ingredients contained in the essential oil of kasturi orange peel are Dlimonene, (R)-(+)-citronellal, 3-isopropenyl-5,5-dimethyl-cyclopentene, -terpinene, citronellol, and -terpineol.…”