Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Tinospora cordifolia: A Review

Abstract

The use of indigenous drug industry in India has been widely expanded in recent years. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) belonging to family Menispermaceae has a wide array of bioactive principles in exploring nutraceuticals from plant materials. It is a versatile resource for all forms of life and can be an alternative for synthetic drugs considering their adverse effects and also for economic purposes. T. cordifolia is considered as an important herbal drug of Indian System of Medicines (ISM). The herb is known for its therapeutic efficacy and used in treatment of dyspepsia, diabetes, fever, urinary problems, jaundice, chronic diarrhoea, cardiac disease, dysentry, helmenthiasis, skin diseases, leprosy and many more diseases. Present review highlights the classical anti-toxin, anti diabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepato-protective activity of Guduchi and their validation through existing literature. The plant is reported to contain alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. The current study is undertaken to explore and establish the phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of T. cordifolia.

Screening of phytochemical compounds of Tinospora cordifolia for their inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study

“…The phytosterols such as stigmasterol and b-sitosterol found in T. cordifolia are found to be responsible for the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 synthesis and adhesion molecules in TNF-a stimulated by cells (Philip et al, 2018). Stigmasterol inhibits prostaglandin E2 and other matrix degradation mediators (Joshi & Kaur, 2016;Sharma et al, 2019;Singh & Chaudhuri, 2017;Tiwari et al, 2018;Upadhyay et al, 2010;Yanez et al, 2017). The phytochemicals of medicinal plants have anti-viral properties and hence, in the present study, we explored the inhibitory effect of phytochemicals of T. cordifolia against the SARS-CoV-2 by computational analysis.…”

“…Phytochemical studies of T. cordifolia showed the presence of numerous components such as tinosponone, tinosporin, berberine, palmitine, choline, tembetarine, isocolumbin and tetrahydropalmatine and other alkaloids, steroids, lactones, glycosides and sesquiterpenoids. Tinospora cordifolia has an effect on the expression of cyclooxygenase-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, iNOS genes, cytokines (IL-6, IL-1b and PGE2) and NF-kB activation and has the potential to reduce the expression of the COX-2 enzyme and thereby reducing the expression of TNF-α, synthesis of IL-1B and IL-6 and other pro-inflammatory interleukins (Tiwari et al., 2018 ). The phytosterols such as stigmasterol and β-sitosterol found in T. cordifolia are found to be responsible for the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 synthesis and adhesion molecules in TNF-α stimulated by cells (Philip et al., 2018 ).…”

Effect of Tinospora cordifolia-Derived Phytocomponents on Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…Phytocompounds have been isolated from all parts of Tc including the body of the plant, leaves and stem [4]. The stem of Tc has shown to contain most of the high phytocomponents, hence, most of the included studies have preferred the use of the stem.…”

“…The active phytocomponents of Tc include alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, aliphatic compounds, essential oils, a mixture of fatty acid, calcium, phosphorous, protein and polysaccharides [4]. The various phytocomponents identified from the studies analyzed in the systematic review included berberine, new clerodane furanodiptherineglycosidae, elligic acid, kaempferol, N-formylannonain, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine palmatine, 11-hydroxymustakone, cordifolioside A, tinocordiside, yangambin, anthraquinones, terpenoids, saponins and phenol, pyrrole-based small molecules, quercetin and rutin, arabinogalectian, palmatine, clerodane-derived diterpenoids and hexane fractions.…”

“…A variety of active components are derived from Tc including alkaloids, steroids, diterpenoid lactones, aliphatics, and glycoside. Apart from the anti-neoplastic properties, Tc is also shown to exhibit anti-diabetic, anti-periodic, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-stress, anti-leprotic, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties [3,4]. The present review systematically analyzes the published data assessing the effects of Tc-derived phytocomponents on cancer.…”