Phytoextraction of Potentially Toxic Elements from Wastewater Solids and Willow Ash – Experiences with Energy Willow (Salix triandra x S. viminalis ‘Inger’)

Szabó, László; Uri, Zsuzsanna; Vígh, S.; Oláh, Katalin Irinyiné; Makádi, Marianna; Vincze, György

doi:10.1201/9781003043522-13

Cited by 3 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…), and potassium (K; 3,077 mg kg -1 d.m. ), (SIMON et al, 2022). The WA applied at the same time, however, contained 17 times more K (54,248 mg kg -1 d.m), or appr.…”

Section: Elemental Composition Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On 15 June 2018 the soil of plots formerly (2011,2013,2016) treated 3 times with MSSC were amended with air dry, unscreened 7.5 t ha -1 dose of municipal sewage sediment (MSS) in 4 replications (Figure 2; SIMON et al, 2022). MSS originated from Lovász-zug suburban area of Debrecen, Hungary (47°29′07″ N, 21°35′46″ E), where formerly a sewage settling pond was operated as a secondary biological purification unit (TŐZSÉR et al, 2018).…”

Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WA was passed through 8-mm sieve before its soil application, and sampled for chemical analysis, as described above for MSS. On 15 June 2018 the soil of plots formerly (2011,2013,2016) treated 3 times with WA was again amended with a completely dry, 300 kg ha -1 dose of willow ash in 4 replications (Figure 2; SIMON et al, 2022). Control plots remained untreated.…”

Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioenergy, in the form of cellulosic biomass, starch, sugar, and oils from crop plants, has emerged as one of the cheaper, cleaner, and environmentally sustainable alternatives to traditional forms of energy. Burning of the biomass of so-called energy crops can significantly mitigate anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide, and can partially replace fossil fuels (STREZOV & ANAWAR, 2019;SIMON et al, 2022). Those herbaceous (e.g., Agropyron, Arundo, Sida, Panicum, Miscanthus spp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…or woody (e.g., Populus, Robinia, Salix, Paulownia spp.) plant species are considered as energy crops that are primarily cultivated in plantations for biomass production and energetical utilisation (KOLE et al, 2012;SIMON et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

Simon

Makádi

Uri

et al. 2022

Agrokem

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Open-field small plot long-term experiment was set up during 2011 with willow (Salix triandra × S. viminalis ‘Inger’), grown as a short rotation coppice energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. The sandy loam Cambisol with neutral pH was treated three times (2011, 2013, and 2016) with 15 t ha–1 municipal sewage sludge compost (MSSC) and with 600 kg ha–1 (2011, 2013) or 300 kg ha–1 (2016) wood ash (WA). In 2018 the MSSC-treated plots were amended with 7.5 t ha–1 municipal sewage sediment (MSS), and 300 kg ha–1 WA. MSSC and WA or MSS and WA were also applied to the soil in combinations during all treatments. Control plots remained untreated since 2011. Repeated application of wastewater solids (MSSC, MSS) and wood ash (WA) significantly enhanced the amounts of As (up to +287%), Ba, Cd (up to +192%), Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the topsoil of willows. The combined application of MSSC+MSS+WA resulted in significantly higher Mn and Zn and lower As Ba, Cd Cr, and Pb concentrations in topsoil than MSSC+MSS treatment of soil without WA. Nitrogen concentrations in leaves of treated plants were generally slightly lower or similar to control. All soil treatments significantly enhanced the uptake or accumulation of nutrient elements (Ca, K, Mg, P) and potentially toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the leaves of willows during 2018, 2019, and 2020. Significantly higher Mn or Zn concentrations were measured in MSSC+MSS+WA than in MSSC+MSS treatments. Significant amounts of Cd (up to 1.11 mg kg–1) or Zn (up to 183 mg kg–1) can be translocated (phytoextracted) from a soil amended with wastewater solids or wood ash to willow leaves. In 2018 the treatments decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence values, while in 2019 and 2020 the light adapted fluorescence yield (Y) values were higher in treated than in control plants.

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“…), and potassium (K; 3,077 mg kg -1 d.m. ), (SIMON et al, 2022). The WA applied at the same time, however, contained 17 times more K (54,248 mg kg -1 d.m), or appr.…”

Section: Elemental Composition Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

Simon

Makádi

Uri

et al. 2022

Agrokem

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The effect of toxic elements on the microanatomy of the leaves of the Salix alba L.

Tóth

Vincze

Oláh

et al. 2022

RARD

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The effects of a heavy metal containing wastewater sediment on two cultivars of white willow were investigated in a pot experiment. Our aim was to examine the effect of toxic elements on the microanatomical parameters of the leaves of the tested plant. We examined the following parameters: stomatic density, stoma width and length, lamina thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis thickness, mesophyll thickness, palisad and spongy parenchyma thickness, main vein width and length. The experiment had the following results: with the presence of toxic elements, the thickness of the lamina increased, within this, there was a significant growth in the thickness of the spongy parenchyma. The width and the length of the main vein decreased, so did the extent of the xylem cavities. The extent of the collenchymal stock of the leaf venation increased. The number of stomas increased, but the size of the stomas decreased. As a result of toxic element contamination, the number of Ca-oxalate crystals increased within the leaf mesophyll.

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Microanatomical Changes in the Leaves of Arundo donax (L.) Caused by Potentially Toxic Elements from Municipal Sewage Sediment

Tóth,

Simon,

Tóth

2024

Plants

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An open-field 3-year-long microplot experiment was set up with three micropropagated lines (SC Blossom, BFT Indiana, and STM Hajdúsági) of giant reed (Arundo donax L.). Plants were grown on a soil cover of a former sewage settling pond located in Debrecen Lovász-Zug, Hungary. Soil cover of the sewage sediment was moderately contaminated with various toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The highest total concentration of examined toxic elements in leaves was found in the BFT Indiana line (∑326 mg/kg), while in the SC Blossom and STM Hajdúsági lines, ∑210 mg/kg and ∑182 mg/kg were measured, respectively. The highest Zn concentration (117 mg/kg) was found in the leaves of in BFT Indiana line and was 67% higher than that in SC Blossom and 95% more than in the STM Hajdúsági line. The BFT Indiana leaves showed typical signs of adaptation to heavy metal stress in the case of numerous micromorphometric characteristics. The extent of leaf mesophylls decreased, and the number of bulliform cells and phytoliths, as well as the sclerenchymatous stock, increased. The size of the vascular bundles was reduced. The size of the stomata decreased while the stomatal density increased. It can be concluded that the BFT Indiana line had the best adaptational response to heavy metal stress.

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Phytoextraction of Potentially Toxic Elements from Wastewater Solids and Willow Ash – Experiences with Energy Willow (Salix triandra x S. viminalis ‘Inger’)

Cited by 3 publications

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Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

The effect of toxic elements on the microanatomy of the leaves of the Salix alba L.

Microanatomical Changes in the Leaves of Arundo donax (L.) Caused by Potentially Toxic Elements from Municipal Sewage Sediment

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