Phytoplankton Bloom Produced by a Receding Ice Edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial Coherence with the Density Field

Smith, Walker O; Nelson, David M.

doi:10.1126/science.227.4683.163

Cited by 627 publications

(300 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…They can extend over thousands of kilometres and can increase the phytoplankton biomass more than two orders of magnitude during November and December, before declining again in January Smith and Lancelot, 2004;Moore and Abbott, 2000;Fitch and Moore, 2007). This seasonal cycle is driven by the physical changes associated with ice retreat and its amplitude increases southward, with maximum biomass and productivity in coastal and shelf areas (Smith and Nelson, 1985;Arrigo and van Dijken, 2003,b;Arrigo et al, 2008a,b;Westwood et al, 2010;Wright et al, 2010). The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has chlorophyll concentrations that can reach up to 50 g L −1 in waters off Palmer Station (Tortell et al, 2014;Kranz et al, 2015;Young et al, 2015;PALTER database), while in East Antarctic waters maximum chlorophyll concentrations are commonly more than an order of magnitude less Wright et al, 2010).…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, due to the different in-water irradiance and nutrient dynamics, Antarctic coastal waters are more productive than the POOZ (Smith and Nelson, 1985;Arrigo et al, 2008a,b;Wright et al, 2010). A spatial study using a mechanistic three-dimensional biogeochemical model of the Ross Sea, found Antarctic shelf waters to be a strong sink for CO 2 , due to high biological productivity, intense winds, high ventilation rates and extensive winter sea ice cover (Arrigo et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

119

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“…1) near Cape Crozier on 22 November 2012 at ~09:25 h UTC. To obtain a full section across the marginal ice zone and its meltwater lens (see Smith & Nelson 1985), the glider initially headed north east for its first 50 dives before returning close to the point of deployment. For the remainder of the study, the glider followed a radiator pattern (25 × 50 km), completing multiple passes along selected transects and continuously collecting data through 700 m (the mean depth in the study area).…”

Section: Glider Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited

Ainley¹,

Ballard²,

Jones³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…1b and 2b), is sometimes classi"ed separately by biogeochemists as the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ; TreH guer and Jacques, 1992). This delineation is made because the stabilizing e!ect of freshwater added by melting sea ice often leads to phytoplankton blooms as well as to distinct species assemblages (Smith and Nelson, 1985;Mitchell et al, 1991;TreH guer and Jacques, 1992;Arrigo et al, 1999).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The US Southern Ocean Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: an introduction to AESOPS

Smith

Anderson

Moore

et al. 2000

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

120

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The United States Southern Ocean Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), also known as AESOPS (Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study), focused on two distinct regions. The "rst was the Ross-Sea continental shelf, where a series of six cruises collected a variety of data from October 1996 through February 1998. The second area was the southwest Paci"c sector of the Southern Ocean, spanning the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at &1703W. Data were collected within this region during "ve cruises from September 1996 through March 1998, as well as during selected transits between New Zealand and the Ross Sea. The "rst results of these cruses are described in this issue. The Ross-Sea investigation extensively sampled the area along 76330 S to elucidate the temporal patterns and processes that contribute to making this one of the Antarctic's most productive seas. Hydrographic distributions con"rm that strati"cation is initiated early in October within the polynya, generating an environment that is favorable for phytoplankton growth. Signi"cant spatial variations in mixed-layer depths, the timing of the onset of strati"cation, and the strength of the strati"cation existed throughout the growing season. Nutrient concentrations re#ected phytoplankton uptake, and reached their seasonal minimal in early February. Chlorophyll concentrations were maximal in early January, whereas productivity was maximal in late November, which re#ects the temporal uncoupling between growth and biomass accumulation in the region. Independent estimates of biogenic export suggest that majority of the #ux occurred in late summer and was strongly uncoupled from phytoplankton growth. The ACC region exhibited seasonal changes that in some cases were greater than those observed in the Ross Sea.0967-0645/00/$ -see front matter 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. PII: S 0 9 6 7 -0 6 4 5 ( 0 0 ) 0 0 0 5 9 -X Sea ice covered much of the region south of the Polar Front in winter, and retreated rapidly in late spring and early summer. Mixed layers throughout the region shoaled in summer due to surface heating, while the addition of freshwater from melting sea ice enhanced strati"cation in the Seasonal Ice Zone, creating conditions favorable for phytoplankton growth. For example, silicic acid concentrations decreased from initial values as high as 65 to less than 2 M within approximately 100 km (from 65.7 to 64.83S). Fluorescence values, however, showed less than a two-fold variation over the same distance. The vertical #ux of carbon in the Polar Front area is substantial, and marked variations in the composition of exported material exited over the region. The results provide a means whereby the controls of phytoplankton growth and organic matter #ux and remineralization can be analyzed in great detail. Additional results of the AESOPS project are discussed.

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Phytoplankton Bloom Produced by a Receding Ice Edge in the Ross Sea: Spatial Coherence with the Density Field

Cited by 627 publications

References 20 publications

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited

The US Southern Ocean Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: an introduction to AESOPS

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