Phytoremediation: The Green Solution

Abstract

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly, economical method that uses plants to remediate pollutants in soil, water, and air. This chapter examines the fundamental processes of phytoremediation, including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, and rhizofiltration, that allow plants to absorb, degrade, stabilize, or filter contaminants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants. The work explores the selection of suitable plant species, emphasizing hyperaccumulators, and provides examples of cases that exemplify effective practical applications. This chapter analyzes current biotechnological breakthroughs that have improved the efficacy of phytoremediation, particularly via the use of genetically modified plants. Furthermore, it highlights the ecological and economic advantages of this green remediation method, while outlining prospective research opportunities to enhance its efficacy and face complex pollution issues. The chapter discusses phytoremediation’s significant role in sustainable environmental management and pollution mitigation through thorough exploration.