Phytosterol, Lipid and Phenolic Composition, and Biological Activities of Guava Seed Oil

Abstract

Plant seeds have been found to contain bioactive compounds that have potential nutraceutical benefits. Guava seeds (Psidium guajava) are by-products in the beverage and juice industry; however, they can be utilized for a variety of commercial purposes. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemicals of the n-hexane extract of guava seed oil (GSO), to study its free-radical scavenging activity, and to monitor the changes in serum lipids and fatty acid profiles in rats that were fed GSO. The GSO was analyzed for phytochemicals using chromatographic methods. It was also tested for free-radical scavenging activity in hepatoma and neuroblastoma cells, and analyzed in terms of serum lipids and fatty acids. GSO was found to contain phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid and its derivatives) and phytosterols (e.g., stimasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol), and exerted radical-scavenging activity in cell cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. Long-term consumption of GSO did not increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rat serum, but it tended to decrease serum fatty acid levels in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first study to report on the lipid, phytosterol and phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, and the hepato- and neuro-protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress levels in the GSO extract.

Chemical Analysis, Toxicity Study, and Free-Radical Scavenging and Iron-Binding Assays Involving Coffee (Coffea arabica) Extracts

“…Phytochemical compounds of the coffee extracts were analyzed at the Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand using the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method [ 88 ]. The HPLC instrument was equipped with an ESI-QTOF-MS machine (Agilent Acquisition SW version 6200 series TOF/6545 series LC/Q-TOF) and QTOF Firmware Version 25.698 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).…”

Evaluation of Fatty Acid Compositions, Antioxidant, and Pharmacological Activities of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Seed Oil from Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction

“…Although PSO2 presented a lower yield of linoleic acid than the others, it exhibited comparable antioxidant activities but with outstanding DPPH • radical scavenging properties. The exerting of scavenging activities of PSO2 might derive from bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds, supported by prior studies [52][53][54]. It can be concluded that aqueous enzymatic extraction of pumpkin seed oil was a potent extraction method and supported the release of more bioactive components to enhance antioxidant activities.…”

“…Oleanolic acid (OA), which was a positive control, also Antioxidant activity plays an important role in natural compounds to work against oxidative stress, provide health benefits, and improve some diseases. A considerable number of studies have demonstrated seed oil from a variety of plants contains antioxidants in the form of phenolics, tocopherols, and phytosterols [52,53]. The appearance of polyphenols and carotenoids in pumpkin seed oil stimulated the antioxidant defense system and prevented hypertension, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cancer [54].…”

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of Thai Perilla frutescence fruit oil in animals

“…ALA and LA were quantified using the method established by Prommaban et al [ 25 ]. Briefly, PFO and authentic fatty acids, including ALA and LA, were reconstituted in acetonitrile (final volume 100 µL) and incubated with a derivatizing reagent (200 µL) made up of 10 mg Br-MMC, 26.5 mg 18-crown-6 and 100 mg potassium carbonate in 10 mL of acetonitrile at 60°C for 15 min in order to produce a fluorogenic methyl-7-methoxycoumarin fatty acid (MMC-FA) derivative.…”