1986
DOI: 10.1080/01966324.1986.10737200
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Pickup and Delivery of Partial Loads with “Soft” Time Windows

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Cited by 67 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…Both penalty functions are in line with the linear inconvenience functions proposed by Sexton and Choi (1986), and Toth and Vigo (1997). Bergvinsdottir et al (2004) also use a piecewise linear function with increasing slopes depending on the arrival time at each destination location.…”
Section: Constraints and Objectivementioning
confidence: 71%
“…Both penalty functions are in line with the linear inconvenience functions proposed by Sexton and Choi (1986), and Toth and Vigo (1997). Bergvinsdottir et al (2004) also use a piecewise linear function with increasing slopes depending on the arrival time at each destination location.…”
Section: Constraints and Objectivementioning
confidence: 71%
“…Theoretical studies for the single-vehicle case include the work by Psaraftis (1980Psaraftis ( , 1983a, Bodin (1985a, 1985b), Sexton and Choi (1986), Desrosiers et al (1986) for exact algorithms and the work of Psaraftis (1983bPsaraftis ( , 1983c for heuristic approaches. Stein (1978aStein ( , 1978b) developed a probabilistic analysis of the problem, and Daganzo (1978) presented a model to evaluate the performance of a dial-a-ride system.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A benchmark study is done by Nazif and Lee (2010) on VRP with Time Windows (VRPTW) and solves it with genetic algorithm approach. Another studies that have considered vehicle routing problem with time window constraints and have constructed penalty costs to reflect violation of these time windows can be seen in Koskosidis et al, 1992;and Sexton and Choi, 1986. We depict the relationship between penalty cost and arrival time in Fig.…”
Section: Relaxation Time Windowsmentioning
confidence: 99%