PID associated with fertility regulating agents

Witoonpanich, Pairoj; Koetsawang, Amorn; Koetsawang, Suporn; Rachawat, Daungdao; Gupta, Indu; Ibeziako, P. A.; Brown, Stephen C.; Iddenden, David A.; Apelo, R; Cruz, J. de la; Bhatnagar, S; Molina, Raiza Boudet; Hagenfeldt, Kerstin; Sas, M.; Gray, Ronald H.; Beral, Valerie; Busca, Mrs.B.; Annus, J

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(84)90074-x

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been associated with some serious side effects such as bleeding, pain, accidental pregnancy, expulsion and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) [1]; yet it is pelvic inflammatory disease that has caused the most controversy. The association between copper IUD use and PID in terms of relative risk is probably equal to, or at worst only a little greater than controls and confmed to the first few months following insertion [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chlorhexidine-coated intrauterine device on the bacteriology of the uterine cavity

et al. 1991

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Twenty-nine women, aged 31-53 years, scheduled for an abdominal hysterectomy, participated in this study. The patients were divided into three groups. The first received a Multiload MLCu250 intrauterine device (IUD); the second group received a chlorhexidine acetate medicated Multiload MLCu250 IUD; the third group acted as a control group receiving no IUD. Bacteriological cultures of the vagina and ectocervix were taken prior to insertion of the IUD. At hysterectomy, some 18 hours later, specimens were taken from the cervical canal, uterine cavity, and the device itself, for culture of anaerobic and aerobic organisms using a standardized previously validated technique. In three of the nine control patients, organisms were cultured from the uterine cavity. There were no differences between the bacteriological results of the two groups with medicated and non-medicated devices, with regard to the cultures from the cervical canal, uterine cavity or the devices themselves. Nor was there any difference between the control and the IUD group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chlorhexidine-coated intrauterine device on the bacteriology of the uterine cavity

et al. 1991

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Family Planning: The Responsibility to Prevent Both Pregnancy and Reproductive Tract Infections

Cates

Stone

1992

Reproductive Tract Infections

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Pelvic inflammatory disease, intrauterine contraception, and the conduct of epidemiologic studies

Bj¹

1985

Adv Contracept

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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has been described in the medical literature for more than a century as a specific entity. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma hominis, along with Bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobic bacteria, have been most frequently associated with PID. Factors affecting the occurrence of PID have been extensively studied during the past two decades and include number of sexual partners, age, race, socioeconomic status, education, and contraceptive method. As knowledge concerning factors that contribute to PID increases, epidemiologic studies addressing such issues must become increasingly sophisticated, and the literature needs to be re-evaluated in light of present knowledge. Various risk factors for PID, types of epidemiologic studies, methods for conducting such studies, and data interpretation are reviewed.

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PID associated with fertility regulating agents

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of chlorhexidine-coated intrauterine device on the bacteriology of the uterine cavity

Effects of chlorhexidine-coated intrauterine device on the bacteriology of the uterine cavity

Family Planning: The Responsibility to Prevent Both Pregnancy and Reproductive Tract Infections

Pelvic inflammatory disease, intrauterine contraception, and the conduct of epidemiologic studies

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