Piglets׳ colostrum intake associates with daily weight gain and survival until weaning

Decaluwé, Ruben; Maes, Dominiek; Wuyts, Birgitte; Cools, An; Piepers, Sofie; Janssens, Geert

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.024

Cited by 87 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Brix refractometer seems to be an acceptable method to assess colostrum IgG content at herd level during the initial hours of parturition, when IgG are expected to peak. In this study, the mean of ELISA-measured colostrum IgG concentration at 0 to 3 h (52.03 mg/ml, n = 153) was lower than the previously published means of 92 mg/ml (n = 37) (Decaluwé et al, 2014b) and 62.3 mg/ml (n = 16) (Quesnel, 2011). This could be due to fewer sows being included in those studies compared with this.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Validation of Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum immunoglobulin G content and composition in the sow

Hasan

Junnikkala

Valros

et al. 2016

Animal

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Colostrum is an essential source of immunoglobulin G (IgG) for neonate piglets. However, colostrum IgG content and nutritional composition can vary considerably among sows due to age, parity, feeding regime and immunological background. Currently, there is no practical way to obtain information about colostrum IgG concentration at herd level. We evaluated sows' colostrum IgG content on-farm using a Brix refractometer and its performance was compared with that of an IgG ELISA. In addition, nutritional compositions of the colostrum samples were analyzed using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. Colostrum samples (5 to 6 ml) ( n = 153) were obtained within 0 to 3 h of farrowing. However, to obtain a 24 h IgG profile for 11 sows, colostrum samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 24 h after farrowing. A 0.3 ml of freshly drawn colostrum sample was used for the on-farm measurement of Brix percentages using a digital refractometer shortly after collection. The remaining fractions of the samples were frozen and submitted to laboratory analysis for total IgG, using a commercially available pig IgG ELISA kit. For nutritional composition analysis, a 35 ml colostrum sample (n = 34) was obtained immediately after birth of first piglet from the first three pairs of frontal teats. Colostrum concentrations of IgG averaged 52.03 ± 30.70 mg/ml (mean ± SEM) at 0 to 3 h after farrowing. Concentration of IgG decreased on average by 50% during the 1st day of lactation ( P < 0.01). Sow parity did not influence colostrum concentrations of IgG. Differences in colostrum composition were recorded between two herds and among the parity groups ( P < 0.05). The Brix refractometer measurement of colostrum and the corresponding log transformed IgG measurements from the ELISA were moderately correlated ( r = 0.63, P < 0.001, n = 153). Based on the classification we suggest here, low levels of IgG (14.5 ± 1.8 mg/ml) were recorded for colostrum samples with Brix readings below 20%. Borderline colostrum IgG content (43.8 ± 2.3 mg/ml) had Brix readings of 20% to 24%, adequate colostrum IgG content (50.7 ± 2.1 mg/ml) had Brix % readings of 25% to 29% and very good IgG colostrum content (78.6 ± 8.4 mg/ml) had Brix readings >30%. Colostrum IgG concentration is highly variable among sows, Brix measurement of a sows' fresh colostrum is an inexpensive, rapid and satisfactorily accurate method of estimating IgG concentration, providing indication of differentiation between good and poor IgG content of colostrum.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Validation of Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum immunoglobulin G content and composition in the sow

Hasan

Junnikkala

Valros

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…These numbers are in agreement with previous studies that demonstrated an insufficient colostrum yield by 35 to 55% of sows to fulfill the requirements of the entire litter (Le Dividich et al, 2005;Quesnel et al, 2012;Decaluwé et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Nevertheless, 35 to 55% of sows do not produce enough colostrum to fulfill the needs of their litter (Le Dividich et al, 2005;Quesnel et al, 2012;Decaluwé et al, 2014). Although colostrum yield can be affected by characteristics of the litter or of the environment, or a combination of both, the sow herself accounts for 65% of variability in CY (Le Dividich et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing colostrum yield by sows

Machado

Otto

Bernardi

et al. 2016

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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An adequate colostrum intake, in order to ensure the survival and weight gain of piglets, depends on the sow's ability to produce enough colostrum for the whole litter. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors involved in colostrum yield (CY) variability related to the sow, the litter and the farrowing process. The experiment was conducted with 96 Camborough 25® sows of parities one to seven, whose farrowing was spontaneous. Colostrum production of each sow was estimated by summing up the colostrum intake of each piglet in the litter, estimated by an equation that takes into account the birth weight and weight gain during the first 24h of life. The multiple regression model explained 28% of variation in CY, with 24% and 4% respectively of variation being explained by the litter birth weight and the width of the first mammary glands. Litter birth weight was positively correlated with the number of total born (r= 0.73) and born alive piglets (r= 0.83). When categorised into two groups of colostrum yield (LOWCY; ≤3.4kg; n= 46 vs HIGHCY; >3.4kg; n= 50), LOWCY sows had fewer total born and born alive piglets and lighter litters (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that sows from parities 1, 2 and >3 had greater odds (P≤0.05) of belonging to the LOWCY group than parity 3 sows. Sows with two or more obstetrical interventions had higher odds (P<0.05) of belonging to the LOWCY group than sows without interventions during farrowing. The higher colostrum yield observed in sows of parity 3 and sows with less than two obstetrical interventions during farrowing was associated with a greater number of nursed piglets. This study showed that total birth weight of born alive piglets is the most important factor involved in colostrum yield variability, indirectly representing the number of piglets nursed by the sow.Keywords: litter weight, parity, obstetrical interventions RESUMO Um consumo adequado de colostro, para assegurar a sobrevivência e o ganho de peso, dos leitões, depende da capacidade da porca em produzir colostro suficiente para toda a leitegada. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar fatores relacionados com a porca, com a leitegada ou com o parto que possam influenciar a produção de colostro (PC). O experimento foi conduzido com 96 porcas Camborough 25, de ordem de parto (OP) 1 a 7, cujo parto foi espontâneo. A produção de colostro das porcas foi estimada pela soma do consumo individual de colostro pelos leitões, o qual foi estimado por equação que considera o peso ao nascimento e o ganho de peso nas primeiras 24h de vida. Por meio de modelo de regressão múltipla, 28% da variação na PC foi explicada pelo peso da leitegada (24%) e pela largura do primeiro par de glândulas mamárias (4%). O peso da leitegada foi positivamente correlacionado com o número total de leitões nascidos (r= 0.73) e com o número de leitões nascidos vivos (r= 0.83). Quando separadas em dois grupos de PC (BAIXAPC;≤3

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“…Despite weak growth performance of its piglets before weaning, the local sow breed is characterized by adequate IgG concentration of its colostrum. The observed average IgG concentration of colostrum collected at 24 h after the onset of parturition (22 mg/ml) is numerically greater than those observed with Large White x Landrace by Charneca et al (2015) (12 mg/ml), Devillers et al (2011) (17 mg/ml) or Decaluwé et al (2014) (18 mg/ml). It is slightly higher than the 20 mg/ml observed by Charneca et al (2015) on the Alentejano sow, an Iberian breed from region of Alentejo in Portugal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Colostrum immune quality of local sow breed in Benin: Growth, survival and acquisition of passive immunity in new-born piglet

Agbokounou¹,

Bengaly²,

Karim³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate husbandry practices of pregnant sows, immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in colostrum of sow from local breed of Benin, their transfer to litter and the survival and growth of piglets until 42 days of age within traditional farms pig. Results showed that sows were raised according to traditional practices characterized by sustainable or precarious housing without any hygiene measures. They were fed with forages and by-products arising from traditional and industrial food-processing. Reproductive performance allowed by these farming practices remained weak. The litter size obtained was 5.5 piglets and was a feature of the small less prolific West African local pig. The observed number of piglets weaned at 42 days of age was 5 and the average mortality rate from birth to 42 days of life was 15%. The piglets were characterized by low average birth weight at 439 g, low average intra-litter weight gain at 24 h (38 g), body weight at 42 days of 2119 g, an Average Daily Gain (ADG) of 40 g/day and a Relative ADG (RADG) of 30 g/day.kg. The mortality was negatively associated (P < 0.05) with the birth weight and the weight gain at 24 h. The weight gain within 0-42 days was positively associated with the birth weight (r = 0.59; P < 0.001). The ADG from 0 to 42 days and from 1-42 days were positively correlated respectively with the birth weight (r = 0.55; P < 0.001) and the weight gain at 24 h (r = 0.41; P < 0.005). Despite weak growth performance of the piglets before weaning, the sows were characterized by adequate IgG concentration in the colostrum collected at 24 h after the onset of parturition (22 mg/ml). However, the serum IgG levels at 7 days of life of the piglets were low (2 mg/ml). Finally, the study demonstrated that sows from local breed produce colostrum with adequate IgG concentration. However, transfer of these antibodies to piglets was low. Feeding of sows with forages may be beneficial in improving the immunological quality of colostrum in local pig breed. Finally, both weight gain at 24 h and birth weight were important to predict survival and growth of suckling piglets.

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Piglets׳ colostrum intake associates with daily weight gain and survival until weaning

Cited by 87 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum immunoglobulin G content and composition in the sow

Validation of Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum immunoglobulin G content and composition in the sow

Factors influencing colostrum yield by sows

Colostrum immune quality of local sow breed in Benin: Growth, survival and acquisition of passive immunity in new-born piglet

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