Pigs as Source for Toxigenic<i>Corynebacterium ulcerans</i>

Schuhegger, Regina; Schoerner, Christoph; Dlugaiczyk, Julia; Lichtenfeld, Ina; Trouillier, Alexander; Zeller-Péronnet, Véronique; Busch, Ulrich; Berger, Anja; Kugler, Rudolf; Hörmansdorfer, Stefan; Sing, Andreas

doi:10.3201/eid1508.081568

Cited by 51 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In contrast, all strains were judged as intermediate resistant or resistant to CLDM, and six strains were intermediately resistant to LVFX. Although reports of erythromycin-and CLDMresistant (Tiwari et al, 2008), erythromycin-resistant (Schuhegger et al, 2009;Tiwari et al, 2008) and CLDMintermediate resistant strains (Sykes et al, 2010) have been published, resistance to quinolones has not been reported until now. A report of failure in curing the bacterium by enrofloxacin, another fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been described (Sykes et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AB602355) included only one isolate, Dog0811 (group 5), obtained in November. These sequences were also compared to the previously published tox gene sequences of C. ulcerans human strains 0102, 0510, A6361, A2911, X959 and KL126 Schuhegger et al, 2009;Seto et al, 2008;Sing et al, 2003Sing et al, , 2005Wellinghausen et al, 2002) (Table 3, Fig. 3).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Diphtheria Toxin (Tox) Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. ulcerans causes purulent inflammatory diseases such as mastitis, lymphadenitis, dermatitis and respiratory infections in various domestic and wild animals. Human infections are caused by ingestion of untreated milk (Bostock et al, 1984) or by close contact with a variety of animals (De Zoysa et al, 2005;Hatanaka et al, 2011;Noguchi et al, 2009;Schuhegger et al, 2009;Tiwari et al, 2008;Yoshimura et al, 2010). Dogs are of pronounced importance because they are sometimes linked to serious human cases (Hogg et al, 2009;Lartigue et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Corynebacterium ulcerans in dogs in Osaka, Japan

Katsukawa

Komiya

Yamagishi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Diphtheria-like human illness caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans is an emerging threat in developed countries, with incidence sometimes higher than that of diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Companion animals are considered a potential source of human infections. In order to determine the prevalence of C. ulcerans among dogs, we performed a screening for the bacterium in 583 dogs in the custody of the Osaka Prefectural government. Forty-four dogs (7.5 %) were positive for the bacterium, although they did not show any clinical symptoms. All bacterial isolates showed resistance or decreased sensitivity to clindamycin, and some showed decreased sensitivity to levofloxacin. Comparative analysis of isolates using PFGE, toxin gene typing and antibiotic sensitivities suggests that transmission between asymptomatic dogs might have occurred.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of the Diphtheria Toxin (Tox) Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Corynebacterium ulcerans in dogs in Osaka, Japan

Katsukawa

Komiya

Yamagishi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…It is now the most common cause of diphtheria in the UK (Wagner et al, 2010). Recent literature also suggests that C. ulcerans isolated from domestic pigs (Schuhegger et al, 2009), domestic cats (De Zoysa et al, 2005) and dogs (Lartigue et al, 2005;Katsukawa et al, 2009) may be a reservoir for human infection. We have previously described C. ulcerans from a case of mastitis in a bonnet macaque and as a frequent contaminant of cephalic implants from macaques used in cognitive neuroscience (Fox & Frost, 1974;Bergin et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Corynebacterium species in macaques

Venezia

Cassiday

Marini

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium are important primary and opportunistic pathogens. Many are zoonotic agents. In this report, phenotypic (API Coryne analysis), genetic (rpoB and 16S rRNA gene sequencing), and physical methods (MS) were used to distinguish the closely related diphtheroid species Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and to definitively diagnose Corynebacterium renale from cephalic implants of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques used in cognitive neuroscience research. Throat and cephalic implant cultures yielded 85 isolates from 43 macaques. Identification by API Coryne yielded C. ulcerans (n574), Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n52), C. renale or most closely related to C. renale (n53), and commensals and opportunists (n56). The two isolates identified as C. pseudotuberculosis by API Coryne required genetic and MS analysis for accurate characterization as C. ulcerans. Of three isolates identified as C. renale by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, only one could be confirmed as such by API Coryne, rpoB gene sequencing and MS. This study emphasizes the importance of adjunct methods in identification of coryneforms and is the first isolation of C. renale from cephalic implants in macaques.

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“…Among the animals described to be colonized with C. ulcerans are cats, dogs, and pigs (9-13), as well as nondomestic animals, such as cynomolgus macaques (14), ferrets (15), and game animals (16). Although C. ulcerans is considered a zoonotic pathogen, molecular indication for zoonotic transmission has been achieved in only four instances, two of them involving dogs (12,17), one involving a cat (9), and one involving a pig (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Corynebacterium ulcerans Provides Evidence for Zoonotic Transmission and for Increased Prevalence of Certain Sequence Types among Toxigenic Strains

König¹,

Meinel²,

Margos³

et al. 2014

J Clin Microbiol

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b Human-to-human-transmitted Corynebacterium diphtheriae was historically the main pathogen causing diphtheria and has therefore been studied extensively in the past. More recently, diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans is an emerging disease in several industrial countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Germany. However, toxigenic C. ulcerans has so far been almost neglected in the development of epidemiologic tools. One of the most important tools in modern epidemiology to understand transmission pathways is sequence typing of pathogens. Here, we provide a protocol for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to type C. ulcerans strains rapidly and relatively cost-effectively. Applying MLST to C. ulcerans for the first time, we show that related sequence types (STs) might be associated with the presence of the diphtheria toxin gene, which encodes diphtheria toxin (DT), the most important diphtheria-causing virulence factor. Interestingly, we found only two very closely related STs in the isolates derived from six dogs. Additionally, our data show that all STs derived from animals which were at least twice present in our analysis were found in humans as well. This finding is congruent with zoonotic transmission of C. ulcerans.

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Pigs as Source for ToxigenicCorynebacterium ulcerans

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of Corynebacterium ulcerans in dogs in Osaka, Japan

Prevalence of Corynebacterium ulcerans in dogs in Osaka, Japan

Characterization of Corynebacterium species in macaques

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Corynebacterium ulcerans Provides Evidence for Zoonotic Transmission and for Increased Prevalence of Certain Sequence Types among Toxigenic Strains

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