Pill Burden, Drug Class Distribution and Financial Burden for Buying Medicines in Different Modalities of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the pill burden (PB), drug class distribution and financial burden for buying medicines in different treatment modalities of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in 244 CKD patients and they were divided into 4 groups as follows: pre-dialysis patients (stages 1-5) as group 1, hemodialysis (HD) patients as group 2, peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients as group 3 and renal transplant recipient (RTR) patients as group 4. Data was collected in pre-designed form through direct patient interaction.

Establishment of Novel Urinary Kidney Disease New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Effect of Methanol Fraction of Terminalia Arjuna on Acetaminophen Induced Kidney Disease in Rats

“…However, coadministration of MFTA caused marked histological protection on tissue injuries including tubular necrosis, capillary congestion, and epithelial desquamation against APAP administration in Group 3. Cirevalli et al suggested that CKD patient with low-income also against the provision of various drugs to reduce the financial burden on pharmaceutical costs not only for the patient but also to caregivers to their family [32].…”

Medication burden in patients with dialysis-dependent CKD: a systematic review

“…Six were cross-sectional studies [ 14–16 , 19 , 21 , 22 ], one was a prospective cohort study [ 17 ], two were retrospective cohort studies [ 20 , 23 ], and one was an intervention cohort study [ 18 ]. One study was published in 2014 [ 21 ], one in 2017 [ 22 ], two in 2018 [ 14 , 15 ], one in 2019 [ 17 ], four in 2021 [ 18–20 , 23 ], and one most recently in 2023 [ 16 ]. One was from the Middle East [ 16 ], four from Asia [ 14 , 15 , 18 , 22 ], three from Europe [ 17 , 21 , 23 ], one from North America [ 20 ], and one from Australia [ 19 ].…”

“…One study was published in 2014 [ 21 ], one in 2017 [ 22 ], two in 2018 [ 14 , 15 ], one in 2019 [ 17 ], four in 2021 [ 18–20 , 23 ], and one most recently in 2023 [ 16 ]. One was from the Middle East [ 16 ], four from Asia [ 14 , 15 , 18 , 22 ], three from Europe [ 17 , 21 , 23 ], one from North America [ 20 ], and one from Australia [ 19 ]. The smallest study included 150 patients [ 18 ], and the largest study included 27,573 patients [ 23 ].…”

“…The methods used to assess medication burden in the included articles included pill burden/drug burden in seven articles [ 14–16 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 ], drug classes/number of medications in five articles [ 15 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 23 ], and the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) in one article [ 17 ].…”

“…reported that the total number of pills in HD patients was 10.5 ± 3.2 (pills/day) [ 22 ]. Four of these included the pill burden for patients with various dialysis types of CKD (PD and/or HD) [ 15 , 16 , 19 , 21 ], Cirevalli et al. reported that pill burden per day was 10 ± 3 for HD and 13 ± 5 for PD patients [ 15 ].…”