Pilot Testing of a Sampling Methodology for Assessing Seed Attachment Propensity and Transport Rate in a Soil Matrix Carried on Boot Soles and Bike Tires

Hardiman, Nigel; Dietz, Kristina Charlotte; Bride, Ian G.; Passfield, Louis

doi:10.1007/s00267-016-0773-4

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Consequently, during and after the product development process numerous tests have to be realized in order to determine whether a specific product shows compliance to required standards including specific tests for emission, immunity or safety. The necessary testing equipment and multiple testing variables can make the tests quite expensive and time-consuming [17]. Furthermore, high-skilled personnel for executing the tests are required in order to ensure trustworthiness in testing results and certification.…”

Section: Sustainable Electronic Product Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Electronic Product Development in the Baltic Sea Region: A Regional Gap Analysis of Lab Testing Services

Philipp

Ozarska

Prause

2019

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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Baltic Sea Region represents one of the most innovative areas within Europe with dominating SME sector. In order to keep the region and their product developments competitive it is necessary to safeguard access to high-tech labs including test services. This can be realized only through regional networks of universities – business cooperation. The European Union started the project “Test-4-SME” in 2017 to investigate and promote laboratory networks for testing and assessment of electronic products developed by SMEs from BSR. In a BSR wide online survey, the project consortium identified existing gaps in the regional supply of open laboratories together with shortcomings in services, expertise or test equipment, which is needed by SMEs for electronic product or devices testing. The authors take place in the “Test-4-SME” project, conducted the survey and analysed the regional demand together with the availability of labs for SME sector in the BSR. The study focusses on the research question in which BSR regions there exist already university-business networks of open labs for SME and to which extent the offered services meet the regional demand. Therefore, an approach of a gap analysis is used, which is based on primary data gathered in a BSR wide survey together with expert interviews. The results of the study are discussed in the context of the existing literature and recommendations for future improvements are highlighted.

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Section: Sustainable Electronic Product Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Electronic Product Development in the Baltic Sea Region: A Regional Gap Analysis of Lab Testing Services

Philipp

Ozarska

Prause

2019

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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“…A járművek mellett az emberi ruházat is fontos szerepet tölt be a propagulumok terjesztésében. Akár szabadidős tevékenységekről legyen szó, akár természetben végzett munkáról, az ember a cipőjén és a ruházatán egyaránt terjesztheti a magokat (HARDIMAN et al 2017).…”

Section: Bevezetésunclassified

A ruházat szerepe az ember általi magterjesztésben

Lukács

Valkó²

2018

kitaibelia

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Humans play an increasing role in seed dispersal. Through human help, seeds can bridge distances which otherwise would not be possible. The most important human-mediated dispersal types are: the spread on clothing, shoes and vehicles. The effect of these dispersal types can be combined in many cases. During dispersal with clothing, the seeds attach to cloths, but its probability depends on whether the seeds or other parts of the plant have morphological characteristics which make the attachment possible (e.g. hooks, hairs, spikes) and on the adhesion characteristics of the clothing (cotton/nylon, drill/cotton). This way, cloth-dispersal can be considered analogous to epizoochory. In our review, we evaluated the publications about human-mediated seed dispersal on cloths. In total we have found twelve experimental and field studies on the topic. So far, seeds of 449 species have been documented to be able to spread on clothing worldwide, out of the 449 species, 262 occur in Hungary. With future studies, these numbers will be increasing considerably. The average dispersal distance of the seeds was estimated between 150 and 5000 m, but the distance could be significantly increased, if means of transport are used during the dispersion. According to the results, the seeds of weed and invasive plants are dispersed most frequently on clothing (87% of all species, 26% of species occurring in Hungary). These cause serious damage worldwide. We emphasise that people should pay attention to the type of clothing, when they are visiting remote and unique nature reserves. For instance, waterrepellent foot wears could significantly reduce the adhesion of the seeds therefore it can prevent unintended seed dispersal. Further investigations are needed to find solutions to these problems, especially in regions with lack of these studies, such as in Europe, South America, Asia and Africa.

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