Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland

Tan, Dun Xian; Xu, Bing; Zhou, Xiaojie; Reíter, Russel J.

doi:10.3390/molecules23020301

Cited by 166 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 277 publications

(306 reference statements)

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“…Maximum melatonin plasma concentration occurs usually 3‐5 hours after the onset of darkness, and its level during the period of day light is low or even undetectable . Age‐associated calcification of pineal gland underlies a reduction in melatonin synthesis with advancing age and pathological conditions . Significantly lower melatonin levels found in elderly humans are corroborated by the results of tests carried out on diverse vertebrates, including mice …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Melatonin induces mechanisms of brain resilience against neurodegeneration

Corpas

Griñán-Ferré

Palomera-Ávalos

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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Melatonin is an endogenous pleiotropic molecule which orchestrates regulatory functions and protective capacity against age-related ailments. The increase in circulating levels of melatonin through dietary supplements intensifies its health benefits. Investigations in animal models have shown that melatonin protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology, although clinical studies have not been conclusive. We hypothesized that melatonin induces changes in the brain that prevent or attenuate AD by increasing resilience. Therefore, we treated healthy nontransgenic (NoTg) and AD transgenic (3xTg-AD) 6-month-old mice with a daily dose of 10 mg/kg of melatonin until 12 months of age. As expected, melatonin reversed cognitive impairment and dementia-associated behaviors of anxiety and apathy and reduced amyloid and tau burden in 3xTg-AD mice. Remarkably, melatonin induced cognitive enhancement and higher wellness level-related behavior in NoTg mice. At the mechanism level, NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokine expressions were decreased in both NoTg and 3xTg-AD mice. The SIRT1 pathway of longevity and neuroprotection was also activated in both mouse strains after melatonin dosing. Furthermore, we explored new mechanisms and pathways not previously associated with melatonin treatment such as the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic system and the recently proposed neuroprotective Gas6/TAM pathway. The upregulation of proteasome activity and the modulation of Gas6 and its receptors by melatonin were similarly displayed by both NoTg and 3xTg-AD mice. Therefore, these results confirm the potential of melatonin treatment against AD pathology, by way of opening new pathways in its mechanisms of action, and demonstrating that melatonin induces cognitive enhancement and brain resilience against neurodegenerative processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Melatonin induces mechanisms of brain resilience against neurodegeneration

Corpas

Griñán-Ferré

Palomera-Ávalos

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…Nevertheless, bioceramics have poor mechanical performance, which limits their applications in load bearing. The recent trend in bio ceramic research is mainly concentrated on bioactive and bioresorbable ceramics, i.e., HA, tricalcium phosphates and biphasic calcium phosphates, and bioactive glasses because of their superior biological properties over other materials [51,57,60,[63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Advantages Of Hydroxyapatite As a Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on Biomedical Applications of Hydroxyapatite Use as Fillers in Polymer

Majhooll¹,

Zainol²,

Jaafar³

et al. 2019

JCCE

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Preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA) through natural sources, such as fish scales or synthetic HA produced from the chemical reaction has been widely used as biomedical materials because HA is bioactive, non-toxic and osteoconductive with a crystallographic structure almost similar to that of the bone mineral. In addition, HAwith particle size < 10 microns is classified as common inorganic filler used to improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of polymer composites. The purpose of this review is to collect information related to HA, and to provide readers with information about synthesis methods, advantages of hydroxyapatite as biomaterial,biomedical applications of polymer/HA composites.

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“…Melatonin can also delay the aging of the brain. 3 This hormone also interferes with the supply of new blood for the…”

Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%