PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs): Promising Applications as Emerging Biomarkers for Digestive System Cancer

Cai, Aiting; Hu, Yunxia; Zhou, Zhou; Qi, Qianyi; Wu, Yixuan; Dong, Peixin; Chen, Lin; Wang, Feng

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.848105

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…PIWIL2 expression in tissue was also found to be associated with tumour pattern. These ndings are similar to those of previous studies, which found elevated expression throughout the initial phases of cancer, implying the signi cant role of PIWIL-RNAs in cancer development 29,31,32,37 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Signi cant increased level of PIWIL1 was reported for colon, bladder, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of the four members of the PIWI proteins was viewed as distinct in tumour tissue when compared with the adjacent non-tumorous tissue 12,32 . PIWIL3 and PIWIL1 were assessed for expression levels by 33 in colorectal cancer, and had non-signi cant expression statistically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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P- element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI), a Potential Candidate Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hammad

Mamdouh

Seoudi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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P-Element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins are engaged in epigenetic regulation of gene expression in germline cells when they are in combination with PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA). Different types of tumour cells have been found to exhibit abnormal expression of piRNA and PIWI proteins. HCC is majorly associated with lower survival rates. Thus, there is an urgent need for improve less invasive diagnostic methods. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential by determining the expression profiles of PIWI-like protein-1, -2, -3, & -4 (PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3, & PIWIL4) in hepatocellular carcinoma, and determine its association with clinicopathological features. Methods: Samples from patients comprising serum and frozen fragments of paired tissue specimens (tumour and adjacent non-malignant liver tissue) were employed for molecular analyses. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on 50 tissue and serum samples from HCC patients and 25 serum samples from healthy controls. Results: Expression levels were significantly higher in both HCC tissue and serum samples than in the controls (p<0.001). Additionally, the diagnostic performance was assessed by ROC curves, the PIWIL1-4 levels in serum showed better potential and sensitivity to screen HCC patients than their levels in tissues. Moreover, some PIWIL elements were found here to be significantly correlated with the HCC profile. Conclusion: PIWI expression could be considered to be associated with HCC progression, and could be a tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, additionally, it could represent a possible therapeutic target.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P- element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI), a Potential Candidate Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hammad

Mamdouh

Seoudi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…RNAs are divided into coding RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs based on whether they can encode proteins. Studies have shown that mRNAs account for less than 2% of the total genome, and more than 98% are ncRNAs, such as lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) [ 35 ], tRNA-derived small RNAs [ 36 ], and piwi-interacting RNAs [ 37 , 38 ]. At a time when ncRNAs were poorly understood, they were considered nonfunctional “junk” [ 39 ].…”

Section: Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for the exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, some other ncRNAs, including tRNA-derived small RNAs [ 36 ] and piwi-interacting RNAs [ 37 , 38 ], also participate in tumorigenesis. Due to the lack of adequate literature, we do not make too much of an elaboration here.…”

Section: Function Of Exosomal Circrnas In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: New Insights into the Biology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Current Oncology

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Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40 to 160 nm, are among the smallest extracellular vesicles released by cells. They deliver different cargoes, including proteins, DNAs, and RNAs, and facilitate communication between cells to coordinate a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth common malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown, and there is a lack of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Mounting evidence has shown that exosomes carry a variety of ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which play critical roles in the occurrence and progression of HCC. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in HCC from their impact on the development of HCC to their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on the profile of small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) in neonates born to pregnant women who test positive for SARS-CoV-2. These regulatory non-coding RNAs, in particular miRNA and piRNA, have been suggested as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets, mainly due to their condition-and cell-specific expression, as well as their impact on the network of signaling pathways at epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels [33][34][35][36][37]. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the host miRNA profile was only investigated in blood plasma and placenta of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 [38] or in blood plasma/serum of COVID-19 patients [39,40].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Next to Pre-Immunization with Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) Vaccine on the 1-Day-Neonate’s Blood Plasma Small Non-Coding RNA Profile: A Pilot Study

Timofeeva

Fedorov

Chagovets

et al. 2022

COVID

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The antenatal and postnatal effects of maternal SARS-CoV-2 on the fetus outcomes, especially in the case of maternal pre-vaccination against this infection, are still under investigation. Such effects may be due to placental insufficiency caused by maternal hypoxia and inflammatory response associated with SARS-CoV-2, and/or be a direct cytopathic effect of the virus. In this work, we studied the profile of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in the blood plasma of a newborn from a mother who had SARS-CoV-2 at the 22nd week of gestation after immunization with Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V). The fetus had ultrasound signs of hypertrophy of the right heart and hydropericardium 4 weeks after infection of the mother with SARS-CoV-2, as well as cysts of the cerebral vascular plexuses by the time of birth. Taking this into account, we compared the sncRNA profile of this newborn on the first postpartum day with that of neonates born to COVID-19-negative women with different perinatal outcomes: severe cardiovascular and/or neurological disorders, or absence of any perinatal complications. According to next-generation sequencing data, we found that the fetus born to a COVID-19-affected mother pre-immunized with Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) vaccine differs from newborns with severe cardiovascular and/or nervous system abnormalities either in multidirectional changes in circulating sncRNAs or in less pronounced unidirectional changes in the level of sncRNAs relative to control samples. Considering this, it can be concluded that maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 before pregnancy has a protective effect in preventing antenatal development of pathological processes in the cardiovascular and nervous systems of the neonate associated with COVID-19.

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PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs): Promising Applications as Emerging Biomarkers for Digestive System Cancer

Cited by 21 publications

References 100 publications

P- element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI), a Potential Candidate Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

P- element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI), a Potential Candidate Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: New Insights into the Biology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Next to Pre-Immunization with Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) Vaccine on the 1-Day-Neonate’s Blood Plasma Small Non-Coding RNA Profile: A Pilot Study

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