“…This reflects a trend for places to become more entrepreneurial and marketing-oriented (Warnaby, 2009) in order to achieve goals such as investment attraction (Metaxas, 2010), tourism promotion (Avraham and Daugherty, 2012), the promotion of local products (Charters and Spielmann, 2014;Parrot et al, 2002), and resident satisfaction (Insch and Florek, 2008;Zenker and Petersen, 2014). Place brands are characterized by multiple stakeholders and multiple meanings (Merrilees et al, 2012), which poses considerable challenges in terms of governance (Allen and Cochrane, 2007;Eshuis et al, 2013) and stakeholder engagement (Kavaratzis and Kalandides, 2015). Such challenges are not, however, unique to place brands.…”