Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Compared with Human Placental Lactogen and Oestriol in High-Risk Pregnancies

Ronin-Walknowska, Elżbieta; Holmgren, Per; Schoultz, Bo von; Stigbrand, Torgny

doi:10.1159/000299082

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…By term, PALP becomes a major ALP in the circulation [9]. In pregnant women, decreased serum level of PALP may be associated with intrauterine growth retardation [10,11], premature rupture of membranes [12], premature labor [12], or Down's syndrome pregnancies [13], although these correlations have not always been found [14]. All these observations suggest that PALP may play some role in the development of the fetus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth factor‐like effects of placental alkaline phosphatase in human fetus and mouse embryo fibroblasts

et al. 2000

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Human placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) is synthesized in the placenta during pregnancy and is also expressed in many cancer patients; however, its physiological role is unknown. Here we show that in human fetus fibroblasts as well as normal and H-ras-transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts PALP stimulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in synergism with insulin, zinc and calcium. The mitogenic effects of PALP are associated with the activation of c-Raf-1, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, p70 S6 kinase, Akt/PKB kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3P P-kinase. The results suggest that in vivo PALP may promote fetus development as well as the growth of cancer cells which express oncogenic Ras.z 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth factor‐like effects of placental alkaline phosphatase in human fetus and mouse embryo fibroblasts

et al. 2000

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“…ALPP, CYP19A1, and FSTL3 were excluded from further analysis as they have been previously reported to be associated with the pathology of PE or FGR. (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 11 ) Microarray analysis has shown that ENDOU mRNA is significantly increased in cytotrophoblasts isolated from PE placentas. ( 12 ) Of these proteins, ALPP, ( 15 ) CYP19A1, ( 14 , 16 ) and FSTL3 ( 13 , 17 ) have already been reported to be associated with the pathology of PE; thus, they were excluded from further investigation. In the present study, the expression levels of APOA1, ENDOU, and MTPN were evaluated in PE-FGR placentas by immunohistochemistry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of ENDOU in cytotrophoblasts from placenta complicated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction

Nomoto

Kotani

Miki

et al. 2021

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Placental hypoplasia is associated with the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. The placenta consists of differentiated trophoblasts, including cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and extravillous trophoblasts. Cytotrophoblasts are thought to have stem-like characteristics and the ability to differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts. However, it is poorly understood whether isolated cytotrophoblasts derived from hypoplastic placentas have specific features compared with those in normal placentas. This study aimed to determine the features of cytotrophoblasts in hypoplastic placentas. Differentially expressed proteins between isolated cytotrophoblasts from hypoplastic placenta with fetal growth restriction and those from the normal placenta were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among 6,802 proteins, 1,253 and 2,129 proteins were more than 2-fold upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Among them, ENDOU (endonuclease, poly(U) specific), which has high homology with the coronavirus endoribonuclease nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp15), showed a significantly increased expression in cytotrophoblasts from the placenta with fetal growth restriction related to preeclampsia compared with those in normal control placenta. These results provide insight into the pathological mechanisms of placental hypoplasia and additional information on preeclamptic symptoms in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected placenta, although further investigation is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hPL is a hormone produced by human placental syncytium cells and can be used as an index of placental function [ 6 ]. The amount of hPL gradually increases as pregnancy progresses, but it decreases in cases of intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia [ 6 ]. Therefore, when placenta function declines, hPL produced by the placenta decreases, resulting in decreased insulin resistance and insulin requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelet Count After Decreased Need for Insulin: 2 Cases

et al. 2021

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Case series Patient:— Final Diagnosis: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy • HELLP syndrome Symptoms: Decrease in insulin dosage for gestational diabetes mellitus Medication: — Clinical Procedure:— Specialty: Obstetrics and Gynecology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: When a woman becomes pregnant, the placenta produces human placental lactogen (hPL). The anti-insulin effect of hPL raises maternal blood glucose levels, allowing the fetus to use glucose as a nutrient. Because hPL is produced by the placenta until delivery, insulin requirements in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) typically increase, but in some cases, they may decrease. We retrospectively examined data from women with GDM who received insulin and delivered at our hospital. Case Reports: From April 2019 to March 2020, we targeted patients who were diagnosed with GDM, received insulin, and delivered at our hospital. GDM was diagnosed based on the guidelines from the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The rate of change in insulin dosage was calculated as: (insulin dosage at delivery – insulin dosage 14 days before delivery) divided by 14. Two patients whose insulin dosage was significantly reduced developed a syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count or acute fatty liver of pregnancy and underwent emergency cesarean section. Conclusions: The present case report suggests that a decrease in insulin requirement in pregnant patients with GDM can predict maternal abnormalities due to placental dysfunction.

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Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Compared with Human Placental Lactogen and Oestriol in High-Risk Pregnancies

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Growth factor‐like effects of placental alkaline phosphatase in human fetus and mouse embryo fibroblasts

Growth factor‐like effects of placental alkaline phosphatase in human fetus and mouse embryo fibroblasts

Upregulation of ENDOU in cytotrophoblasts from placenta complicated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelet Count After Decreased Need for Insulin: 2 Cases

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