Placental Cellular Immune Response in Women Infected with Human Parvovirus B19 during Pregnancy

Jordan, Jeanne A.; Huff, Dale S.; DeLoia, Julie A.

doi:10.1128/cdli.8.2.288-292.2001

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…43 The cell-mediated immune response at the maternal-fetal interface also contributes to a variable response to parvovirus B19 in pregnancy. 44 Different antibodies may be present for only a short period of several weeks after parvovirus B19 infection. 45 The presence of B19-specific antibodies directed against conformational VP2 epitopes may play an important role in the molecular mimicry for the generation of AT1-AAs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

et al. 2009

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Abstract-We showed earlier that activating autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor (AT1-AA) circulate in preeclamptic women. They may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Protein alignment suggests that the binding site for AT1-AAs is highly homologous to the capsid protein VP2 of parvovirus B19. We performed a prospective, nested, case-control study of 30 gestational age-matched women with preeclampsia and 30 normotensive pregnant women. We measured AT1-AA, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), and serum immunoglobulin G against parvovirus B19 proteins. AT1-AAs were present in 70% of preeclamptic patients and absent in 80% of controls. Prediction by AT1-AA was improved in late-onset preeclampsia. The discrimination for sFlt-1 was 96%. We did not find an interaction between sFlt-1 and AT1-AA. A human monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody against parvovirus B19 VP2-protein showed a positive reaction in the AT1-AA bioassay, which could be blocked by an AT 1 receptor blocker, as well as by the epitope amino acid sequence. Immunoglobulin G against parvovirus B19 proteins was similarly distributed between preeclamptic patients and controls and had no significant importance. We detected significantly more AT1-AA in women with an immune response corresponding with parvovirus B19 infection corresponding with a distant viral infection associated with virus elimination. We concluded that AT1-AAs were common in patients with preeclampsia in a prospective case-control study, although sFlt-1 was a superior biomarker. AT1-AA may represent a better marker for late disease, whereas sFlt1 is a better marker for early onset disease. Key Words: preeclampsia Ⅲ activating autoantibodies Ⅲ angiogenesis Ⅲ parvovirus B19 Ⅲ molecular mimicry P reeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks' gestation accompanied by new-onset proteinuria; the condition causes acute morbidity and mortality. 1,2 The incidence is 2% to 5% worldwide and is associated with subsequent cardiovascular diseases in both mother and child. 3 The pathogenesis is unknown but is likely to be multifactorial. 4 We described circulating autoantibodies directed at the second extracellular loop of the angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor (AT1-AA) in women with preeclampsia. 5 AT1-AAs induce reactive oxygen species, inhibit trophoblast migration, and occur in rat models. 6 -8 AT1-AAs induced preeclampsia-like symptoms in C57BL/6J mice by passive transfer. 9 However, AT1-AAs are not specific for preeclampsia and also occur in patients with humoral kidney transplant rejection. 10 An epitope on the second extracellular loop of the human AT 1 receptor (AFHYESQ) represents the binding site for AT1-AAs; the same sequence inhibits the AT1-AAmediated effects completely in vivo and in vitro. The epitope is highly homologous to the capsid protein VP2 from parvovirus B19 (AFHYETQ).Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus and can cause erythema infectiosum, a generally (but not always) mild childhood exanthem. 11,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

et al. 2009

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“…Trophoblasts are not permissive to the virus but may bind viral capsid via the globoside receptor, hence their role in facilitating transcytosis of virus to the fetal circulation [222]. Both inflammatory [223] and apoptotic [224] aspects have been observed in placental tissues in case of B19 infection, probably contributing to fetal damage. Endothelial placental cells can be productively infected, facilitating the establishment of fetal infection and contributing to placental damage [225].…”

Section: Intrauterine Infection and Fetal Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Parvovirus B19 Achievements and Challenges

Gallinella

2013

ISRN Virology

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Parvovirus B19 is a widespread human pathogenic virus, member of the Erythrovirus genus in the Parvoviridae family. Infection can be associated with an ample range of pathologies and clinical manifestations, whose characteristics and outcomes depend on the interplay between the pathogenetic potential of the virus, its adaptation to different cellular environments, and the physiological and immune status of the infected individuals. The scope of this review is the advances in knowledge on the biological characteristics of the virus and of virus-host relationships; in particular, the interactions of the virus with different cellular environments in terms of tropism and ability to achieve a productive replicative cycle, or, on the contrary, to establish persistence; the consequences of infection in terms of interference with the cell physiology; the process of recognition of the virus by the innate or adaptive immune system, hence the role of the immune system in controlling the infection or in the development of clinical manifestations. Linked to these issues is the continuous effort to develop better diagnostic algorithms and methods and the need for development of prophylactic and therapeutic options for B19V infections.

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“…As well as increased IL6 production, high levels of IFN-ª, TNF-AE and IL8 have been detected in the sera of infants with B19-associated acute myocarditis (Nigro et al, 2000). IL2 production at the maternal-fetal interface in women who seroconverted to B19 during pregnancy is thought to determine the outcome of the pregnancy, with high levels of IL2 on the fetal side being associated with pregnancies that result in a poor outcome (Jordan et al, 2001). Ballou et al (2003) have shown recently that a recombinant vaccine (MEDI-491; Medimmune) that is comprised of B19 VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins could elicit neutralizing antibody titres in volunteer adults (n ¼ 24).…”

Section: Cell-mediated Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the biology, diagnosis and host–pathogen interactions of parvovirus B19

Corcoran

Doyle

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

153

103

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Increased recognition of parvovirus B19 (B19), an erythrovirus, as a significant human pathogen that causes fetal loss and severe disease in immunocompromised patients has resulted in intensive efforts to understand the pathogenesis of B19-related disease, to improve diagnostic strategy that is deployed to detect B19 infection and blood-product contamination and, finally, to elucidate the nature of the cellular immune response that is elicited by the virus in diverse patient cohorts. It is becoming clear that at least three related erythrovirus strains (B19, A6/K71 and V9) are circulating in the general population and that viral entry into target cells is mediated by an expanding range of cellular receptors, including P antigen and â-integrins. Persistent infection by B19 is emerging as a contributory factor in autoimmune disease, a hypothesis that is constrained by the detection of B19 in the skin of apparently healthy individuals. B19 infection during pregnancy may account for thousands of incidences of fetal loss per annum in Europe, North America and beyond, yet there is currently only minimal screening of pregnant women to assess serological status, and thereby risk of infection, upon becoming pregnant. Whilst major advances in diagnosis of B19 infection have taken place, including standardization of serological and DNA-based detection methodologies, blood donations that are targeted at high-risk groups are only beginning to be screened for B19 IgG and DNA as a means of minimizing exposure of at-risk patients to the virus. It is now firmly established that a Th1-mediated cellular immune response is mounted in immunocompetent individuals, a finding that should contribute to the development of an effective vaccine to prevent B19 infection in selected high-risk groups, including sickle-cell anaemics. Parvovirus B19In 1975, Yvonne Cossart discovered what was to become known as human parvovirus B19 (B19) (Cossart et al., 1975). B19 was first associated with disease in 1981, when it was linked to an aplastic crisis in a patient with sickle-cell disease. It has since been shown to cause erythema infectiosum (EI) (fifth disease of childhood), spontaneous abortion and some forms of acute arthritis (Anderson et al., 1983; Kinney et al., 1988;Woolf & Cohen, 1995).B19 is a small, non-enveloped, ssDNA virus and, like all parvoviruses, the capsid proteins are arranged with icosahedral symmetry. B19 is 20-25 nm in diameter and has a genome of 5 . 6 kb (Clewley, 1984;Cotmore & Tattersall, 1984). The B19 capsid consists of an 83 kDa minor structural protein, VP1, and a 5 kDa major structural protein, VP2. VP2 makes up about 95 % of the total capsid, with VP1 accounting for the remaining 5 % . The sequences of the two proteins are collinear, with VP2 being identical to the carboxyl-terminus of VP1; however, VP1 comprises an additional 227 aa domain that is unique to the amino-terminal (Fig. 1). To the left of these sequences on the B19 genome is the ORF for a non-structural protein, NS1, which encodes a protein product of 7...

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Placental Cellular Immune Response in Women Infected with Human Parvovirus B19 during Pregnancy

Cited by 48 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

Prevalence of Agonistic Autoantibodies Against the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 in a Gestational Age–Matched Case Study

Parvovirus B19 Achievements and Challenges

Advances in the biology, diagnosis and host–pathogen interactions of parvovirus B19

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