Placental transfer of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone in rats

Bernhoft, Aksel; Behrens, G. H. G.; Ingebrigtsen, Kristian; Langseth, Wenche; Berndt, Simon; Haugen, Trine B.; Grotmol, Tom

doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(01)00159-9

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The zearalenone and α-zearalenol levels in the whole fetus were 5 to 38 % and 2 to 6 %, respectively, of the maternal liver levels, and the placental levels were approximately twice those of the fetus (Bernhoft et al, 2001). administration.…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

2011

EFSA Journal

356

142

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Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species. It is commonly found in maize but can be found also in other crops such as wheat, barley, sorghum and rye. The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority to review the safety of zearalenone and the risk to consumers of a possible increase of the maximum level (ML) for zearalenone in breakfast cereals. A total of 13,075 analytical results obtained on food samples and 9,877 results on unprocessed grains sampled by 19 European countries in 2005-2010 were used in the evaluation. The highest concentrations of zearalenone were reported for wheat bran, corn and products thereof (e.g. corn flour, cornflakes). Grains and grain-based foods, in particular grains and grain milling products, bread and fine bakery wares, made the largest contribution to the estimated zearalenone exposures. Vegetable oils also made an important contribution to the zearalenone exposure. The critical effects of zearalenone result from its oestrogenic activity. Based on recent data in the most sensitive animal species, the pig, and taking into account comparisons between pigs and humans, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for zearalenone of 0.25 μg/kg b.w. Estimates of chronic dietary exposure to zearalenone based on the available occurrence data are below or in the region of the TDI for all age groups and not a health concern. A potential increase in the ML for zearalenone in breakfast cereals from 50 µg/kg to 75, 100, 125 or 150 µg/kg is unlikely to result in a chronic dietary exposure exceeding the TDI. In a worst case scenario it is possible that an individual could consume the same batch of breakfast cereal containing zearalenone at the ML every day for 2 to 4 weeks, in which case exposures may exceed the TDI.

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Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

2011

EFSA Journal

356

142

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“…Since artificial insemination is used extensively in pigs, such a possibility could exist even if the sperm originates from non-contaminated boars in an unfavorable environment of the genital tract of contaminated sows. However, it is not known if zen can reach the genital tract in swine, whereas studies in rats have shown that zen can pass the placenta and reach the fetus (Bernhoft et al, 2001). Consequently, it is important to investigate the possibility Figure 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the in vitro effect of zearalenone and α‐zearalenol on boar sperm–zona pellucida interaction by hemizona assay application

Tsakmakidis

Lymberopoulos

Vainas

et al. 2007

J of Applied Toxicology

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The mycotoxin zearalenone (zen) impairs fertility in farm animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of zearalenone and its major metabolite (alpha-zearalenol) on boar semen binding capacity, under in vitro conditions. Extended boar semen was exposed to three different concentrations of zen and alpha-zen (40, 60 and 80 microg ml(-1) of semen) for 1 h. Afterwards, the semen was washed and incubated with homologous oocyte hemizona for 4 h. A significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the number of tightly attached spermatozoa on the hemizona was obtained at concentrations of 60 microg ml(-1) and 80 microg ml(-1) of zen and alpha-zen. In conclusion, zen and alpha-zen affected the sperm-zona interaction by reducing the ability of boar spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida.

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“…Urinary excretion accounts for approximately 10% of the administered dose, with glucuronides of ZEN and a-ZEL as the main metabolites and minor amounts of b-ZEL. Placental transfer of ZEN and a-ZAL was shown in rats and rabbits, leading to the conclusion that fetal exposure to these estrogenic compounds might also be likely in humans (Bernhoft et al, 2001;Lange et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens II: Soy isoflavones and zearalenone in pregnant women

Fleck

Churchwell

Doerge

et al. 2016

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Measurable concentrations of total (parent and metabolites) GEN, DDZ and EQ were present in 240, 207 and 2 of 270 serum samples, respectively. Six out of 30 subjects had measurable concentrations of unconjugated GEN and/or DDZ in serum between 0.6 and 7.1 nM. Urine to serum total isoflavone ratios for GEN, DDZ and EQ were 13, 47, and 180, respectively. ZEN and its reductive metabolite, α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), were present in pregnant women (11 out of 30 subjects) as conjugates at levels near the limit of quantification. The average total urinary concentration was 0.10 μg/L for ZEN and 0.11 μg/L for α-ZEL.

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Placental transfer of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone in rats

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

Study on the in vitro effect of zearalenone and α‐zearalenol on boar sperm–zona pellucida interaction by hemizona assay application

Urine and serum biomonitoring of exposure to environmental estrogens II: Soy isoflavones and zearalenone in pregnant women

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