Planning for an annual episodic mass gathering: emergency department and clinic utilization in Yellowstone

Chang, Eric C.; Koval, E.; Freer, Luanne; Kraus, Sue

doi:10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0257:pfaaem]2.3.co;2

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…5 The comparable rate of injury for the current study is 0.3/ 1000 PD. A study reported the services rendered in 1995 by the emergency department at Yellowstone Park indicated that recreational visitors needed care in their clinic for more injuries and illnesses than park staff, 6 a finding that is consistent with the observation in the current study as well. Information about evacuations was also included both in the NOLS report and in a report from the 1985 Scout Jamboree.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Risk Factors Associated With Camp Accidents☆

Elliott

Bixby

2003

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Risk Factors Associated With Camp Accidents☆

Elliott

Bixby

2003

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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“…The drug expenses incurred during the event were mostly from analgesics and antibiotics. A study by Chang et al [13] shows findings similar to those of this study. These medications are a suitable treatment for the common ailments experienced by the masses walking to Karbala.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Disease Burden on Health Facilities in Governorates South of Karbala During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering in Iraq in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study

Hantoosh

Lami

Saber

2019

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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BackgroundMillions of Iraqi pilgrims travel annually from the southern governorates to Karbala and pass through Thiqar, Muthana, and Diwania Governorates to join the Arbaeenia mass gathering event. During this event, participants are at high risk for diseases and death and stifle local health care resources. In addition, the mass gathering causes considerable burden on health facilities in the hosting localities.ObjectiveThis study aims to estimate the disease burden on health facilities caused by the pilgrims passing through Thiqar, Muthana, and Diwania Governorates en route to Karbala in Iraq.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on all health facilities in three governorates (Thiqar, Muthana, and Diwania) situated along the southern way to Karbala from Basra. The study started on December 11, 2014, and ended on December 24, 2014. The morbidity and mortality were collected from surveillance logbooks and death registers. Drug purchase data were obtained from the personnel in charge of the pharmacies. The study period was divided into three phases on the basis of the timing of the mass gathering event: pre-event, the event, and postevent.ResultsThere were 884,834 incidents reported during the study. The majority of incidents were reported during the event phase (95%) and were attended mostly at mobile clinics (77%). The average daily incidents during the pre-event, event, and postevent phases were 4300, 56,040, and 4548 incidents, respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders were the most common illness reported (55%). The average number of daily deaths was 43, 36, and 45 during the pre-event, event, and postevent, respectively, and these values did not differ significantly. Cardiovascular diseases (43.5%), injuries (29.8%), and respiratory illnesses (12%) were the leading causes of deaths. Approximately US $1.3 million was spent on drug purchases during this mass gathering in the three governorates.ConclusionsThe Arbaeenia mass gathering causes a tremendous disease and economic burden on governorates that pilgrims pass through to attend this mass gathering in Karbala. Although Iraq’s Ministry of Health is aware of the high burden of this mass gathering on the health facilities in these governorates, more work is needed to ensure quality services during the event.

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“…The journey to Karbala requires several days of walking, resulting in musculoskeletal pain and injuries, which explain the high cost of analgesics, used to control muscular pain, in addition to antibiotics, used treat infection related to injury and respiratory infections. A study by Chang et al shows findings similar to this study [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Disease Burden on Health Facilities in Governorates South of Karbala During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering in Iraq in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

Hantoosh¹,

Lami²,

Saber³

2018

Preprint

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Background: Millions of Iraqi pilgrims travel annually from the southern governorates to Karbala and pass through Thiqar, Muthana, and Diwania governorates to join Arbaeenia mass gathering (MG) event. During this event, participants are at high risk for diseases and death and stifle local health care resources. Meanwhile, the MG mass causes considerable burden on health facilities in the hosting localities.Objective: This study aims to estimate the disease burden on health facilities caused by the pilgrims passing through Thiqar, Muthana and Diwania governorates en route to Karbala governorate, Iraq.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all health facilities in three governorates (Thiqar, Muthana and Diwania) situated along the southern way to Karbala from Basra. The study started on December 11, 2014 and ended on December 24, 2014. The morbidity and mortality were collected from surveillance logbooks and death registers. Drug purchases data were obtained from the personnel in charge of the pharmacies. The study period was divided into three phases: pre MG event, the MG event and post MG event.Results: There were 884,834 events reported during the study. The majority of events were reported during the event (95%) and were attended mostly at mobile clinics (77%). The average daily events during the pre-event, event and post-event phases were 4,300; 56,040; and 4,548 events, respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders were the most common illness reported (55%). The average daily deaths were 43, 36, and 45 during the pre-event, event and post-event, respectively, and did not differ significantly. Cardiovascular diseases (43.5%), injuries (29.8%) and respiratory illnesses (12%) were the leading causes of deaths. Around 1.4 million US dollars were spent on drug purchases during the event.Conclusions: Arbaeenia MG gathering causes tremendous disease and economic burden on governorates that pilgrims pass through to attend this MG event in Karbala governorates. Iraq Ministry of Health preparedness plan should consider the burden on the health facilities in these governorates.

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Planning for an annual episodic mass gathering: emergency department and clinic utilization in Yellowstone

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Risk Factors Associated With Camp Accidents☆

Risk Factors Associated With Camp Accidents☆

Disease Burden on Health Facilities in Governorates South of Karbala During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering in Iraq in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study

Disease Burden on Health Facilities in Governorates South of Karbala During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering in Iraq in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

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