Plant cell division

Abstract

Accumulated evidence indicates that ROS fluctuations play a critical role in cell division. Dividing plant cells rapidly respond to them. Experimental disturbance of ROS homeostasis affects: tubulin polymerization; PPB, mitotic spindle and phragmoplast assembly; nuclear envelope dynamics; chromosome separation and movement; cell plate formation. Dividing cells mainly accumulate at prophase and delay in passing through the successive cell division stages. Notably, many dividing root cells of the rhd2 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, lacking the RHD2/AtRBOHC protein function, displayed aberrations, comparable to those induced by low ROS levels. Some protein molecules, playing key roles in signal transduction networks inducing ROS production, participate in cell division. NADPH oxidases and their regulators PLD, PI3K and ROP-GTPases, are involved in MT polymerization and organization. Cellular ROS oscillations function as messages rapidly transmitted through MAPK pathways inducing MAP activation, thus affecting MT dynamics and organization. RNS implication in cell division is also considered.

The interplay between ROS and tubulin cytoskeleton in plants

“…In this direction, tubulin upregulation may follow treatments with chemicals inducing low ROS levels. 17 These data further support the hypothesis that the dynamic regulation of tubulin cytoskeleton is part of the cellular mechanisms driving the restoration of ROS homeostasis.…”

“…23). 17,53 We may then extrapolate that the upregulation of tubulin is part of the antioxidant defense responses induced by transcriptional mediators like DELLA proteins. In this direction, tubulin upregulation may follow treatments with chemicals inducing low ROS levels.…”

“…Apart from oxidative modifications ROS imbalance was found to rapidly induce other post-translational modifications in plants, such as tubulin acetylation 17,18 (see also ref. 21) or slight alterations of the tyrosinated tubulin levels.…”

“…21) or slight alterations of the tyrosinated tubulin levels. 17 Such modifications that amend the tubulin polymer properties are common in stress conditions. 32 For example, hyperosmotic treatment stimulates phosphorylation of α-tubulin.…”

New insights into the functional roles of reactive oxygen species during embryo sac development and fertilization inArabidopsis thaliana

“…Additionally, ROS were reported to regulate Ca 2+ gradients and proteins such as cyclin dependent kinases, MAPs, and possibly aurora kinases. 23,24 Such regulation of mitotic division inside WT embryo sac cannot be discarded. Intracellular ROS oscillations that are probably not detectable by traditional techniques might also regulate mitosis during female gametogenesis.…”