Plant derived therapeutics for the treatment of Leishmaniasis

Sen, Rupashree; Chatterjee, Mitali

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.004

Cited by 160 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The first-line drug currently used in treatments is pentavalent antimony Sb(V), which was introduced at the beginning of 1940´s (Herwaldt, 1999) and presents high toxicity. Moreover, an increase in clinical resistance to this drug has been reported (Lira et al, 1999;Mittal et al, 2007;Sen and Chatterjee, 2011). Second-line choice treatments include pentamidine and amphotericin B, which are also toxic and too expensive for routine use in developing countries (Murray, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmanicidal activity of carvacrol-rich essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham

et al. 2012

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Leishamaniasis is a disease that aff ects more than 2 million people worldwide, whose causative agent is Leishmania spp. The current therapy for leishmaniasis is far from satisfactory. All available drugs, including pentavalent antimony, require parenteral administration and are potentially toxic. Moreover, an increase in clinical resistance to these drugs has been reported. In this scenario, plant essential oils used traditionally in folk medicine are emerging as alternative sources for chemotherapeutic compounds. In this study, in vitro leishmanicidal eff ects of a thymol-and a carvacrol-rich essential oil from leaves of Lippia sidoides Cham. were investigated. The essential oils were extracted and their constituents were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both essential oils showed signifi cant activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi. However, we found that carvacrol-rich essential oil was more eff ective, with IC 50 /72 h of 54.8 μg/mL compared to 74.1 μg/mL for thymol-rich oil. Carvacrol also showed lower IC 50 than thymol. Our data suggest that L. sidoides essential oils are indeed promising sources of leishmanicidal compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmanicidal activity of carvacrol-rich essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham

et al. 2012

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“…Sin embargo, entender las características químicas y moleculares de este tipo de compuestos requiere una gran cantidad de tiempo e inversión económica (50).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Studies developed in the last years have had the purpose of studying pharmaceutical targets such as the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme of the parasite (DHFR), cyclin-dependent kinase, ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, topoisomerase and metacaspase inhibition, and different metabolic pathways (45,46 (50).…”

Section: New Molecule Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis visceral en América Latina y perspectivas terapéuticas

Yasnot

2017

Rev MVZ Córdoba

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In Latin America, visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum. In this geographical area, main vectors associated with transmission are Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia evansi, with dogs being incriminated as the main reservoir involved in transmission of the disease. This pathology primarily affects children between 0 -5 years, a highly susceptible population where socio-economic, environmental and nutritional factors affects the pathological outcome and increase the likelihood of vector-human contact. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis is liposomal amphotericin B, a drug with a limited and variable availability between countries depending on market prices, which leaves pentavalent antimonial as the most widely used treatment despite the associated toxic effects. In the Americas, evidence on the efficacy of single-dose (monotherapy) and combination therapies as options for treating these parasites is required. Disease, drug therapy, Leishmania infantum, Lutzomyia, vector (Source: MeSH). Keywords: RESUMENLa Leishmaniasis visceral es una enfermedad causada en América Latina por Leishmania infantum, en esta área geográfica los principales vectores asociados a la transmisión son Lutzomyia longipalpis y Lutzomyia evansi, siendo el perro uno de los principales reservorios incriminados en su transmisión. Es una patología que afecta principalmente a la población infantil entre los 0 a 5 años, donde los factores socioeconómicos, ambientales y nutricionales son determinantes en el contacto con el insecto vector y el desenlace patológico. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud el tratamiento recomendando para esta patología es la Anfotericina B liposomal, sin embargo, la disponibilidad del medicamento por el costo varía entre los diferentes países, dejando antimoniales pentavalentes como opción más utilizada, pese a los efectos tóxicos asociados. En el continente americano se requiere evidencia de la eficacia de monoterapias de una solo dosis y terapias combinadas, como opciones para el tratamiento de estas parasitosis. INTRODUCCIÓNLa Leishmaniasis visceral (LV) es una parasitosis causada por un protozoo flagelado del género Leishmania, en América Latina la especie responsable de esta forma clínica es Leishmania infantum, su ciclo de transmisión involucra un insecto vector perteneciente al género Lutzomyia, y animales reservorios, como el perro que se destaca por su papel en el ciclo de transmisión doméstica (1).El proceso infeccioso inicia cuando una hembra hematófaga del genero Lutzomyia se alimenta de sangre del hospedador liberando de sus glándulas salivares promastigotes metacíclicos, los cuales son fagocitados principalmente por macrófagos locales, al interior se transforman en amastigotes que se reproducen intracelularmente. Tras la ruptura del macrófago los amastigotes son liberados con la capacidad de infectar nuevas células, posteriormente migran al hígado, medula ósea y bazo (2) alterando la arquitectura esplénica y produc...

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“…For example, in a study carried out with the alkaloidal extract of Z. chiloperone stem bark reported that this extract inhibited the growth of Leishmania braziliensis, L. amazonensis and L. donovani at 100 µg/mL and mentioned that the compounds canthin-6-one and 5-methoxy-canthin-6-one were the two major active constituents (Ferreira et al, 2002). Also has been reported that meglumine antimonate isolated from Z. chiloperone showed activity against L. amazonensis at dose of 28 mg/kg (Sen & Chatterjee, 2011).…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 97%